【作者】 张国亮；

【导师】 李波；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工业工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 电动汽车作为一种主流的新型能源交通工具,越来越受到人们的关注,并成为汽车行业未来可持续发展的关键。充电站是发展电动汽车所必须的重要配套基础设施,为电动汽车的运行提供能源补给及维修等服务。目前电动汽车充电设施建设的相对滞后已成为制约电动汽车行业发展的瓶颈,迅速建设一批充电站等配套服务设施迫在眉睫,对电动汽车的推广和普及具有重要的意义。而对于充电站的建设,前期的选址工作非常重要,其选址的合理与否直接影响到后期充电站的运营效益、服务质量、运营安全性以及用户服务便利性等,必须用科学的方法进行决策。本文就是基于这样的背景研究电动汽车充电站的选址问题。基于服务设施网络选址问题的理论,在分析电动汽车充电需求特性的基础上,将充电需求归为两种类型:需求点和过路需求(流),并将城市内和城市间电动汽车行驶情形行下的充电需求分别归类,相应的问题转化为城市内和城市间的充电站选址两个问题。针对城市内的充电站选址,提出多等级充电站的概念,基于目标规划思想,建立了使得充电站初始建设成本及用户充电成本总和最小化的多等级充电站选址模型,为求解该模型,发展了一个改进的禁忌搜索算法,模型可同时确定出充电站的建址位置、建设的等级及各个需求点的分配;针对城市间的充电站选址,根据截流选址问题的理论,建立了在充电站建设数量有限约束下使得截获或服务的顾客流量最大化的选址模型,本文还对模型进行了扩大候选点集合的拓展,通过求解能够得到更优的选址方案。最后针对城市内和城市间充电站选址问题,分别进行了案例仿真研究,仿真结果表明本文建立的两个模型均能够提供较优的选址方案,并能够对现实中充电站的选址提供一定的决策依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Electric Vehicle draws more and more attentions by people as a main kind of new energy vehicle, and becomes a key factor to the sustainable development of the future auto industry. Charging station is a crucial supporting infrastructure to provided energy supplies and maintenance services for the operation of the electric vehicle. However, it has become the bottleneck to the development of electric vehicles due to the lagged construction progress. To establish a number of charging stations quickly is vital to the popularization of electric vehicle industry. Concerning to the charging station construction, the early siting and location is significant, whether it is reasonable or not directly affected the operation efficiency, service quality, safety level and user convenience, etc. We have to decide the locations scientifically. Based on this background, this paper worked on the location problem of the charging station.Based on the theory of facility network location problem, the electric vehicle charging demands were classified into two types, i.e. demand point and passing demand (flow). Correspondingly, the charging demands under intra-city and inter-city traffic situations were classified. Then the problem was transferred into location problem of electric vehicle charging station intra-city and inter-city. Concerning to the charging station location problem intra-city, a multi-level electric location model was developed to minimize the initial construction cost and the total users’charging service cost, following the concept of multi-level charging stations and objective programming ideas. In order to solve the model an improved tabu search algorithm was presented. The station levels and the allocation of the demand points to the stations were determined simultaneously. Concerning to the charging station location problem inter-city, according to the theory of flow capturing location problem, a location model was established to maximize the demand flows that can be captured with limited number of charging stations. Then a certain number of candidate points were added to expand the location problem, a better solution was obtained consequently. Finally, simulation research was carried out to both intra-city and inter-city situation. The simulated results showed that the two models established in this paper could obtain almost optimal location decision. The research in the paper could provide certain reference to the decision-making in the real location of electric vehicle charging stations.更多还原