【作者】 刘霞；

【导师】 奥岩松；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 园艺学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 一些发展较快的大都市,在蔬菜配送已经成为一种趋势的情况下,实现蔬菜特定区域特定时期内多种类生产成为蔬菜有效供给的必要条件。因此,从更多方面研究蔬菜多种类生产的适宜性,为蔬菜的有效供给提供理论指导就显得尤为必要。本文在有机栽培的背景下,通过建立蔬菜生长的气候、土壤矿质养分适宜性模型,从自然资源利用的角度分析蔬菜生产的气候、土壤适宜情况;通过试验、调查获取多种蔬菜不同轮作模式的光能利用情况及投入-产出数据,从经济收益的角度分析蔬菜生产的适宜情况;通过了解蔬菜种植过程中肥料的变化及维持情况,从肥料施入的角度分析蔬菜生产的适宜情况。结合蔬菜的生物学特性,根据农业生态气候适宜度理论,用模糊数学的方法,利用浦东25年以月为基础的气象数据,从温度、光照、水分3个方面针对蔬菜生长的气候适宜性问题建立模型,并对不同时期气候各因素进行单独及综合分析,最终确定不同时期蔬菜生长气候要素的适宜程度,同时以适宜程度为指导,获得相应的栽培管理方法。以有机蔬菜为研究对象,结合蔬菜对土壤中各因素的需求量,用模糊数学的方法,利用浦东区土壤各因素含量资料,从土壤有效氮、有效磷、有效钾等3个方面确立蔬菜生长的土壤各因素适宜度模型。通过层次分析法确定各因素的权重系数,并依据各因素适宜度的高低,分析土壤中各要素对不同蔬菜生长的单独适宜性和综合适宜性。通过对上海浦东区一个有机农场的试验及跟踪调查,获得该农场2011年四个季度六个大棚种植蔬菜和轮作茬口的投入-产出数据,得知:有机蔬菜生产中,劳动成本较普通蔬菜生产有明显提高;从蔬菜种类分析,各类蔬菜种植绩效最高蔬菜为茄果类,其次为叶菜类和瓜类;从蔬菜种植模式分析,得知模式2(叶菜-叶菜-叶菜-叶菜)为最优种;从光能利用的角度分析,模式2为最优选择,其次为模式1和模式3,模式5最不适宜。通过研究不同蔬菜、不同种植模式下有机肥中全N、全P、全K在土壤中的维持及变化情况,得知有机蔬菜生产过程中,模式1、2对钾的利用率最高,模式3、4对氮的利用率最高,模式3对磷的利用率较高,但远远低于其他两种元素的利用率;模式蔬菜中芹菜、白菜、空心菜和豇豆的肥料偏生产力高于其他各种蔬菜,大蒜的肥料偏生产力最低;各种蔬菜对氮磷钾养分吸收的平均状况基本相同,占主导地位的均为氮、钾,吸收的磷所占的比重非常小。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the society, it is very significant that realizing vegetable multi production in the case of trend of the vegetables delivery in the particular time and area. So it is very necessary that analyzing the suitability of vegetable production to offer the realistic basis and theoretical guidance for vegetable multi production. Under organic cultivation background, the author established suitability degree models of climate and soil mineral nutrients, from natural resource utilizing angle analyzed the situation of climate and soil; The author got the light utilization situation and input-output data of different vegetables rotation model, from economic income angle analyzed the situation of vegetable production; The author study the change and maintenance of fertilizer in the Process of vegetable production, from fertilizer application angle analyzed the situation of vegetable production.Based on the biological characteristics of vegetable and the 1975-2009 meteorological data in Pudong District, combined the theory of suitability-degree of agro-ecological climate resources, by using fuzzy mathematics, the author established climate suitability degree models of 3 climatic factors and comprehensive evaluation models, evaluate the suitability of vegetable growth , made sure the suitability of different vegetables by month, and got the different Culture Control Measures.Based on the content of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the soil of Pudong District, combined the needs of various factors in the soil, by using fuzzy mathematics, the author established soil suitability degree models of 3 soil factors and comprehensive evaluation models, Determine the weights of each factor by AHP, evaluated the suitability of vegetable growth according the suitability, and provided theoretical foundation for the choice of vegetable base and fertilizer.Based on the experiment and Follow-up investigation of organic farm in Pudong District, the author got the data of Input- Output of vegetable planting. The analyzed showed that: The labor cost in organic vegetable production was higher than it in common vegetable production; Solanaceous fruits were better than other vegetable, Second model was better than other models from the point of the planting performance, Second model was also better than other models from the point of solar energy utilize。By researching the change and Maintenance of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the soil, the result showed that: the vegetables had high utilization ratio of potassium in the first and second models, the vegetables had high utilization ratio of nitrogen in the third and fourth models, the vegetables had high utilization ratio of phosphorus in the third model. Celery, Chinese cabbage had higher bias productive forces than other vegetables, and the Garlic had lowest bias productive forces. The vegetables absorbed Nitrogen and Potassium more than Phosphorus.更多还原