【作者】 陈晓玲；

【导师】 饶若楠； 李玉福；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 软件工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在钢铁等高耗能企业中,我们需要的能源包括电力、焦炉煤气、高炉煤气、转炉煤气、混合煤气、压缩空气等。这其中有很大一部分是流体能源,因此在企业进行能源管理的过程中,流体流量监控是很重要的一部分。建立可精确计量和控制的流体流量监控系统,是企业实现能源高效管理的保证。本文以国内某钢铁企业的实际运行情况为例,在具体分析其流体流量监控现状后,总结问题,然后提出相应的解决方案。通过分析发现在该钢铁企业的实际运作中还存在很多流量监控方面的不足,具体表现在监控点不全,现场采用的数据采集仪表数学模型单一,界面不友好及无法组网等方面。这些问题导致该企业流量计量数据不全面、不准确;现场数据采集仪表种类繁多、管理混乱;现场仪表工人操作维护仪表困难及数据汇总困难等等问题。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了面向高耗能企业的组态型智能流量仪的解决方案。该方案包括仪表开发、网络组建和配套应用软件开发三部分工作。其中组态型智能流量仪的开发是本方案的关键,也是本文研究的重点。组态型智能流量仪的开发首先是通过在仪表内置多种数学模型和密度补偿方式,完成仪表对不同工况条件下不同流体介质的普遍适用,以满足企业流体介质多样、工况条件复杂的实际情况。再次是通过仪表硬件电路的设计,使仪表可以输入电压、电流、频率等多种信号,充分满足前级配套传感器种类繁多的实际工况。最后在仪表内嵌入MODBUS通讯协议,可以通过485网络及中间网络和配套的上位机软件连接,以此实现一个功能全面的组态型流体流量监控系统。该系统实施完毕后,应该能够充分满足企业对流体流量监控的需求,实现待检测点的全面覆盖、数据的实时测量和上传、现场流量检测仪表的统一,该系统的实施不仅能够节约人力消耗、方便现场仪表工人的操作和维护、也能够为企业领导提供实时的数据分析等服务。组态型智能流量仪是整个系统基础数据采集部分的关键,基础数据采集部分的性能对于整个系统至关重要。本系统采用的组态型智能流量仪应用智能化技术对测量部分可能引入的误差进行了适当的补偿和校正。在仪表内部内置了多种密度补偿方式,分别对液体的温度膨胀系数进行了补偿,对气体的温度、压力和压缩系数进行了补偿,对流量系数的非线性进行了密度补偿,对容积式流量计、涡街流量计的温度影响进行了补偿等等。而且根据工程的实际需求,在充分理解了MODBUS协议的基础上,对其进行了简化和更新,并在组态型智能流量仪的设计和实施过程中进行了充分的利用和完善。流体流量监控系统的实施能帮助企业实现现场数据采集点的全面覆盖、实现数据采集仪表的统一、实现数据的实时测量、上传和监控、实现管理人员和现场维护人员的实时互动,不但可以为企业节约开支,也为企业领导层决策提供数据支持。最终帮助企业实现降本增效的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the steel and other high energy-consuming enterprises,the energy we need includes electricity, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, converter gas, mixed gas, compressed air and oxygen, nitrogen, argon gas, steam, air, the clean water loop, muddy water, soft water, water and so on, the main part of which is fluid flow. So, the monitor of fluid flow is an important part in enterprise energy management process, which is the guarantee for the enterprise energy efficient and accurate management.This paper takes a steel enterprise of our country for example, summarizes the problem and put forward the corresponding solutions after analyzing the fluid flow monitoring situation. We found that a lot of enterprises face many problems in flow monitoring such as incomprehensive monitoring point, unfriendly interface, no networking. All of these lead directly to the incomprehensive or inaccurate flow measurement data, the disorder scene data collection instrument management, the operation troubles for workers and the difficulty of data summary etc. In order to solve these problems, this paper suggests the configuration type intelligent flow instrument solutions. The programme includes instrumentation development, networking and supporting software development. Among the three parts, the configuration type intelligent flow instrument development is the key point, and also the focus of this paper. First, configuration type intelligent flow instrument development is the instrument built in various mathematical models and density compensation, which completes uses of instrumentation on different working conditions under different fluid medium to meet the needs of enterprise media diversity and complex working conditions. Next, through the hardware circuit designing, we can make meters input voltage, current, frequency or other kinds of signals, and fully meet the front supporting a wide variety of actual condition sensor. Finally, meters will be embedded within a MODBUS communication protocol, which can pass through the 485 network and an intermediate network connect software of PC connection, in order to achieve a fully functional configuration type fluid flow monitoring system. After the completion of the system, it should be able to meet the fluid flow monitoring needs of the enterprise and achieve the comprehensive coverage of the point to be detected, data’s measurement and upload in time, scene flow measuring instrument’s unifying. The implementation of the system not only can save the manpower consumption, convenient operation and maintenance for instrument workers, but also provide real-time data analysis services for enterprise leaders.Configuration of intelligent flow meter system is the key for the whole basic data collecting, and the performance of basic data collecting is crucial for the whole system. The configuration type intelligent flow meter this system uses may compensate and correct the errors on measuring by intelligent technology. In the design of this instrument, we compensate the liquid temperature expansion coefficient; temperature, pressure and compressibility coefficient of gas; differential pressure type flowmeter the influence of Reynolds number and flow coefficient of expansion; a variety of flow coefficient of nonlinear; temperature of volumetric flowmeter and vortex flowmeter. And according to the actual needs of the project, in the full understanding of the basis of the MODBUS protocol, we have simplified and updated it. We have also conducted a full application and improvement in the system design and implementation process.The implementation of fluid flow monitoring system can help the enterprise to realize the comprehensive coverage of field data collection; unify data collection instrument; messure, upload and monitor the data in time; achieve management and maintenance staff to interact in real time. It may not only save money for the enterprise , but also support the data for the leaders’decision. Finally, this system will help the enterprise to reduce the cost and improve the benefit.更多还原