【作者】 王珍；

【导师】 陈建文；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 心理健康教育， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 职业探索是指个体对环境和自我进行搜寻了解以帮助个体职业发展的活动。职业探索包含有两个维度,分别是环境探索维度和自我探索维度,对环境的探索一般是指对于职业信息的探索以及相关的职业定向活动;而自我探索一般指个体通过反思自己过去的经历和背景对未来职业发展的影响,使自己更深入的了解自我。职业探索为日后的职业决策奠定基础。Super是职业发展领域非常重要的影响人物,他从发展的角度出发,提出了职业发展的理论框架,强调了职业探索在个体职业发展中的重要地位,提出职业探索是个体职业决策的基础。Super(1957)指出个体因素(例如:个体态度、个性特征、内在兴趣等等)和环境因素(父母、同伴和其他重要人物等的影响)会影响探索技能和探索行为发展,但是没有提供这些特定因素的细节。以前的研究在动机、自我效能感等个体因素以及家庭功能、同伴关系等环境因素方面有巨大的突破,然而结合两方面进行共同研究的却很少。本文从个体因素和环境因素影响职业探索这个前提出发,选取了依恋和自我同一性两个因素作为自变量,探讨二者对大学生职业探索的影响。依恋理论提出个体与家人的情感联结给孩子提供了安全的港口,让他们在面临压力情景时,也能够积极地探索(Ainsworth,1982)。拥有安全依恋关系的个体能够更具有信心和勇气进行积极的自我探索和职业探索活动。Erikson提出的同一性理论更是强调不同阶段的个体要面临不同的发展任务,只有调整好内在自我以适应环境变化所带来的压力才能顺利的完成任务,个体才能够更好的发展,因此自我同一性发展良好的个体在面临职业选择任务时,能够更积极的进行职业探索,为职业决策奠定坚实的基础。本研究通过实证研究调查,得出以下结论:(1)自我同一性和职业探索均存在性别和年级差异,男生职业探索明显好于女生;大一学生在自我同一性的弥散维度方面得分显著高于其他三个年级,大四学生在成就维度方面得分显著高于大一和大三的学生;随着年级的增长,个体的职业探索也随之增强。(2)依恋在独生子女和家庭住址方面存在差异,自我同一性在独生子女方面存在差异。独生子女在母子沟通方面显著高于非独生子女,在母子疏离方面显著低于非独生子女。家住城市的个体在母子沟通方面的得分显著高于家住在农村和城镇的个体,在母子疏离方面得分显著低于家住农村和城镇的个体。独生子女在弥散维度和排他维度的得分显著高于非独生子女。(3)依恋各维度与职业探索的两个维度均有显著相关,依恋对职业探索有显著预测作用。(4)自我同一性各维度均与职业探索的两个维度有显著相关,自我同一性对职业探索有显著的预测作用。(5)自我同一性起部分中介作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Career exploration is defined as encompassing those activities, which directed toward enhancing knowledge of the self and the external environment, including two aspects, one is self exploration and the other is environment exploration. Self-exploration that allows individuals to understand their interests and abilities, the environment allows individuals to explore employment opportunities and access to different work on the actual situation. Exploration of self and the environment can provide the individual with the interest and ability level for specific career information that in turn is conducive to appropriate and reasonable career choice.Super is a very important area of professional development impact of people, from a development point of view he put forward a very useful theoretical framework for career development. He pointed that career exploration is very important which the basis of individual career decision making is. Super (1957) pointed out that the individual factors (such as: individual attitudes, personality characteristics, intrinsic interest, etc.) and environmental factors (parents, peers, and the impact of other important figures, etc.) affect the development of exploration skills and exploratory behavior, but did not provide these specific details of factors. Previous studies focused on motivation, self-efficacy as individual factors, and selected family function, peer relations as environmental factors, but there are fewer studies that focus on both two factors. In this study, individual factors and environmental factors affect the career exploration of this premise, select the attachment and self-identity of the two factors as independent variables and explore their impact on the students’career exploration. Attachment theory pointed that the link between children and family members could support emotional security when the children faced stress and enable them to do some exploring actively (Ainsworth, 1982). Individuals who have a secure attachment relationship will be more confident and have courage to carry out a positive career exploration activities. Erikson’s identity theory is stressed individuals at different stages of development face different tasks; only adjusting the inner self to adapt to environmental changes can complete the task successfully. Individuals who have good self-identity will be more active in career exploration and lay a solid foundation for career decision-making when they face the career choice.In this study, to sum up the full text, the following conclusions were showed:(1) There were significant differences on differentiation of self-identity and career exploration between male and female. Males have higher career exploration level than females; freshman students in the diffusion dimension of self-identity scores were significantly higher than the other three grades, achievement dimension in terms of senior student Scored significantly higher than the freshmen and junior students; as the grade increased, the individual’s career exploration also increases.(2) There were significant differences on differentiation of attachment between address and one-child family type. There was significant difference on differentiation of self-identity between one-child family and non-only child family. The one-child in the dimension of communication with the mother were significantly higher than non-only child, in the dimension of alienation with the mother were significantly lower than non-only child. Individuals who live in the city scored significantly higher in the dimension of communication with the mother than ones who lives in the rural and urban, and lower in the dimension of alienation with the mother than ones who lives in the rural and urban.(3) There are remarkably correlation between each dimension of attachment and the two dimensions of career exploration. Attachment can predict career exploration.(4) There are remarkably correlation between each dimension of ego-identity and the two dimensions of career exploration. Ego-identity can predict career exploration.(5) Self-identity is a partial intermediary factor between attachment and career exploration in college students.更多还原