【作者】 杨洁；

【导师】 雷洪德；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 高等教育学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 学科专业结构是高等教育结构的重要组成部分。1999年以来,我国普通高校连续扩大招生规模,招生人数急剧增加。规模上的量变引发质变,而结构变化是质变的一部分。本研究以湖北高校本科专业结构调整为研究对象,以专业设置种数、专业布点个数和招生人数为观测点,通过收集和分析大量的数据,从科类、布局和类型三个维度,对湖北高校1999年以来的本科专业结构调整进行了调查统计和政策分析。研究发现,湖北高校的本科专业结构在科类结构、布局结构和类型结构三个方面都发生了不同程度的调整。在科类结构调整方面,专业设置基本保持原有格局,专业布点和招生发生了明显变化,且学科门类差异明显,本科专业结构的重心向文科转移。在布局结构调整方面,各地区高校数量基本为同比例增加,从专业布点个数和招生人数上看,教育资源逐渐由武汉地区向周边地区和边远地区扩散。在类型结构调整方面,目录内专业和目录外专业在增量和增幅上差别较大,在专业设置上目录内专业增长缓慢但专业布点数增长迅速,目录外专业设置增长迅速但专业布点数增长缓慢。从政策分析的角度看,影响1999年以来湖北高校本科专业结构调整深受扩招政策、本科专业设置管理政策、高等教育投资政策和独立学院政策的影响。扩招政策对高校的招生人数和专业布点数的规模扩张影响深刻;本科专业设置和专业点数的变化受到本科专业设置管理政策的明显制约;高等教育投资政策促使高校倾向设置低成本专业,使得某些专业的人才培养发生“结构性失衡”;独立学院政策加速了湖北高校现有本科专业结构的形成。为优化湖北高校的本科专业结构,需要从政策角度作出以下四点调整。首先,控制招生规模的增长速度,把重点转移到提高培养质量上来。其次,改革本科专业设置管理办法,柔化专业目录划分标准,进一步扩大高校的专业设置自主权,建立专业评估和淘汰机制。再次,优化高等教育投资政策,加大高等教育的经费投入,扩大经费来源渠道。最后,引导独立学院面向市场办学,错位发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Discipline programs structure is an important part of higher education. The higher education system of China has experienced expansion which resulted in a sharp increasing of enrollment since 1999. Quantitative change causes qualitative change which includes that of structure. The study deals with adjustment of undergraduate programs structure in Hubei province. The key observation points are the number of program establishment, program distributed points, and enrollment. The research statistics and policy analysis are based on three-dimensions of program establishment, program distribution and enrollment through collecting and analyzing a good number of data.The study shows undergraduate programs structure has adjusted more or less in three factors of discipline structure,distribution structure and type structure in colleges and universities of Hubei. In discipline structure, program establishment almost has been kept the same pattern, however, there is a huge transformation in distributed points and enrollment. In distribution structure, the number of higher education institutions has increased at the same proportion in different areas. In the number of program distributed points and enrollment, education resource has been diffused from Wuhan to its surrounding areas and remote regions. In type structure, programs in catalogue and out catalogue make all the difference with growth number and rate. Programs in catalogue has increased slowly in establishment but quickly in distribution, nevertheless, programs out catalogue proves the opposite.From an angle of policy analysis, there are four factors which have huge impact on adjustment of undergraduate programs structure in Hubei—expansion policy, manage policy of undergraduate programs establishment, investment policy of higher education and independent college policy. Expansion policy has deeply affected on enrollment and distributed points; manage policy of undergraduate programs establishment has restricted undergraduate programs establishment and the variation of distributed points; investment policy of higher education has spurred colleges and universities to establish low-cost programs, the outcome of which is〝structural unbalance〞in some programs to train personnel; independent college policy has accelerated the formation of undergraduate program structure.Adjusting is to optimize undergraduate program structure in Hubei from a policy perspective. First, controlling speed of enrollment growth and transforming the major focus to enhance quality of training personnel. Second, reforming manage policy of undergraduate programs establishment, relaxing limitation on standers of catalogue division, expending decision-making powers of programs establishment to higher education institutions, establishing mechanism of program evaluation and selection. Third, optimizing investment policy of higher education, rising grant and fund to higher education, broadening sources of investment. Last, leading independent colleges running toward market and developing staggered.更多还原