【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 李百战；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 住宅环境与儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病、成年人病态建筑综合症的问卷调查研究于2011年11月于重庆大学展开。该研究的主要目的是调查住宅环境对儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病及成年人病态建筑综合症的影响。课题组成员采用一份自填式问卷对重庆市三个主城区中53个幼儿园的4950个儿童进行住宅环境、学前儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病及成年人病态建筑综合症进行现状调查。最终,现状调查的反馈率为74.5%。现状调查表明,重庆市儿童哮喘患病率为8.2%。有家庭过敏史是儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病的危险因素,而母乳喂养时间大于6个月有利于儿童健康。通过控制儿童性别、家庭过敏史、宠物、被动吸烟及母乳喂养时间影响的分析结果表明:影响儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病的危险因素有住宅距离交通干线或高速公路200米以内(aOR=1.17-1.49)、强化木地板(aOR=1.19-1.99)、油漆或乳胶漆(aOR=1.21-1.58)、天然气烹调(aOR=1.58-1.76)、气味感知(aOR=1.46-1.95)、蟑螂(aOR=1.30-1.38);影响儿童哮喘和过敏性疾病的保护因素有每天清洁儿童卧室(aOR=0.72-10.85)、经常晾晒被褥(aOR=0.73-0.83)、冬季经常打开儿童卧室的窗户(aOR=0.79-0.80)。女性、自身过敏史、喂养宠物均是患病态建筑综合症的危险因素。通过控制性别、自身过敏史、宠物影响的分析结果表明:影响病态建筑综合症的危险因素还包括住宅距离交通干线或高速公路200米以内(aOR=1.32-1.67)、强化木地板(aOR=1.32-1.34)、装修(aOR=1.30-1.55)、新家具(aOR=1.35-1.74)、潮湿症状(aOR=1.67-1.97)、气味感知(aOR=2.83-3.28)、蟑螂(aOR=1.60-2.27)等;影响病态建筑综合症的保护因素有实木地板(aOR=0.71-0.73)、每天清洁儿童卧室(aOR=0.68-0.73)、经常晾晒被褥(aOR=0.67-0.73)、冬季经常打开儿童卧室的窗户(aOR=0.84-0.86)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since November, 2011, a cross-sectional study“House Environmental Factors and Its Association with Children’Health”was carried out in Chongqing, China. The aim of this study is to survey the association between house environmental factors and asthma and allergy among pre-school children, as well as house environmental factors and sick building syndrome among adults. The health of the child and the family and house conditions were reported on a self-administrated questionnaires from 4950 families, located in 3 main districts in Chongqing. The response rate of this cross-sectional study was 74.5%.The prevalence of self-reported doctor diagnosed asthma is 8.2% in Chongqing. A family history of allergy (atopy) is general risk factors for children’s asthma and allergy, while, more than 6 months’of breast-feeding is protective. After adjusting for children’gender, age, atopy, pet-keeping, passive smoking and breast-feeding, logistic regression results show that risk factors include living within a distance of 200 meters to main road (aOR=1.17-1.49), laminated floor (aOR=1.19-1.99), painted wall (aOR=1.21-1.58), natural gas for cooking (aOR=1.58-1.76), odors (aOR=1.46-1.95) and cockroaches (aOR=1.30-1.38); protective factors include cleaning childrens bedroom every day (aOR=0.72-0.85), frequently exposing bedding to sunshine (aOR=0.73-0.83) and open the window of child’s bedroom frequently in winter(aOR=0.79-0.80).Female gender, allergy, pet-keeping are all risk factors for adults’sick building syndrome. After adjusting for gender, allergic history and pet-keeping, logistic regression results show that risk factors include living within a distance of 200 meters to main road (aOR=1.32-1.67), laminated floor (aOR=1.32-1.34), renovation (aOR=1.30-1.55), new furnitures (aOR=1.35-1.74), dampness (aOR=1.67-1.97), odors (aOR=2.83-3.28), cockroaches (aOR=1.60-2.27), etc; protective factors include wood floor (aOR=0.71-0.73), cleaning child’s bedroom every day (aOR=0.68-0.73), frequently exposing bedding to sunshine (aOR=0.67-0.73), and open the window of child’s bedroom frequently in winter (aOR=0.84-0.86).更多还原