【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 肖斌；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是苹果生产的大国,但是我国的单位苹果产量在国际上远不如欧洲等西方国家,其原因主要是苹果树腐烂病导致了我国苹果产量的下降,苹果腐烂病是苹果上一种分布广、为害大的病害,是我国北方苹果树的重要病害,有苹果树癌症之称,主要为害6年树龄以上的结果树,造成树势衰弱、枝干枯死、死树,甚至毁园。华北、东北、西北地区发生普遍。据一项研究表明,我国苹果树的发病率在52%以上。在以往的苹果树腐烂病治理上,我国主要采用福美砷防治并取得了较好的效果,但福美砷属中等毒性杀菌剂,更是强致敏及皮肤刺激剂,长期使用有害人体健康。所以从环保的角度看,福美砷已不能再用于苹果树腐烂病的防治。寻找新的有效防治药剂已成为目前苹果树腐烂病防治工作中急需解决的问题。本文主要从山东和陕西2009年和2010年的调查数据入手,通过对3%抑霉唑膏剂与其他常用药剂(40%福美砷、4%甲基硫菌灵膏剂、3.3%腐植酸钠·硫酸铜糊剂、1%碘水剂)和空白对照的对比分析,得出3%抑霉唑在治疗苹果树腐烂病中能够发挥很好的效用,同时苹果树的愈合效果也比较好.在可采用的浓度上,对比发现250~280g/㎡能够发挥更佳的效果。从而,可以把3%抑霉唑膏剂作为替代福美砷药剂的可选化学药剂之一,作为专门治疗苹果树腐烂病病症。同时,在苹果树腐烂病的预防和治疗中,广大果农不能仅仅依靠化学药剂的使用,而且要对苹果树的树势、营养均衡、土壤保持、日常病害部位的处理以及剪除的枝条的处理等各方面考虑。使苹果树有一个良好的生长环境,同时在腐烂病高发季节,提前预防,采用多种方式进行医治。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a big country of apple production, but China’s unit apple production is far less than that of European and other Western countries,which is mainly because of APPLE CANKER caused a decline in apple production. Rot disease, Wide distribution and big harm,is an important disease in the north of China.So,it is described as apple trees cancer.It mainly does harm to 6-year-old result trees.It will cause tree growing weak, branches dead,trees dead and even ruin the whole orchard .This disease wildly happens in the north, northeast and northwest regions.A study shows that the incidence of APPLE CANKER is more than 52% in China.In previous curing of Apple Canker , Our country mainly use asomate prevention and obtained a better effect. But asomate is medium, more strong toxic microbicides sensitized and skin pair stimulants. The long-term use is harmful to human health. So from the point of environmental protection , asomate already can’t be used for APPLE CANKER prevention and treatment. Looking for new effective prevention elixir has become the current work of APPLE CANKER prevention and treatment.This article is mainly analysed from the survey data of Shandong and Shaanxi in 2009 and 2010.Contrast 3% of dioscorea mildew thiazole ointment and other common elixir (40% asomate, 4% methyl sulfur bacteria spirit ointment, 3.3% sodium humate ? copper sulfate paste, 1% iodine agent) with blank comparative analysis , it is concluded that the curing effect of triazoles 3% inhibitory mildew to apple canker is good,and apple trees healing effect is good as well. Thus,we can put the 3% suppression of ointment instead paclobutrazol mildewed blessed the optional beauty arsenic potions chemical agents, as one of the apple tree rot disease symptoms special treatment.Meanwhile, in the apple tree rotting disease prevention and treatment, the growers can’t just rely on the use of chemical pesticides, and should consider various aspects ,such as,the apple tree potential, balanced, soil maintain, daily disease parts of the processing and cutting off branches processing and so on ,so as to Make apple have a good growth environment, while in decay disease incidence season, advance prevention, using a variety of ways to heal.更多还原