【作者】 杨建强；

【导师】 冯纪年；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 苹果蠹蛾Laspeyresia pomonella（L.）是国际重大检疫性害虫,对苹果、梨等经济水果的生产造成极大的威胁。目前已发生在我国的新疆、甘肃等地区,且具有沿河西走廊向我国黄土高原苹果优生区入侵的趋势。为此,对苹果蠹蛾的疫情进行监测和防治技术的研究迫在眉睫,及时监测苹果蠹蛾疫情,为准确做出应对决策提供依据;开展苹果蠹蛾的防治技术研究为苹果蠹蛾的防治积累经验。基于上述目的,本研究对苹果蠹蛾的疫情监测、颗粒体病毒的毒力测定和化学药剂的防治等三个方面进行了系统地研究。研究结果如下:本实验在甘肃省选定6个与国道（G312）毗邻的市县设置监测点,同时在陕西省沿G312国道设立长武、彬县和白水、洛川等4个监测点,对苹果蠹蛾进行实时监测。监测结果为2009年共11个监测点中,监测到苹果蠹蛾的共有4个监测点,分别是甘肃省张掖市的金家湾村、甘肃省永昌县红寺庙村、甘肃省武威市路南村和甘肃省兰州市红艺村。甘肃省张掖市的金家湾村和甘肃省永昌县红寺庙村为甘肃省苹果蠹蛾疫区,监测数量最高为75头/诱捕器。在甘肃省兰州市的红艺村为新发现,最高为2头/诱捕器。2010年监测点同2009年,从监测结果看,基本和2009年相当,发生地点相同,发生量偏重,在甘肃省的兰州市发生量明显增加,最高达9头/诱捕器,属于绿色预警级（Ⅱ）,陕西省两年均未发现苹果蠹蛾。苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒（CypoGV）室内毒力测定结果表明,在1.5×10⁹ OB/ml病毒液浓度下,试验组苹果蠹蛾的幼虫死亡率达到88.0%,经SPSS软件回归分析得出毒力回归方程为y=0.342x-2.022, LD₅₀为8.03×10⁵OB/ml。CypoGV在1.5×10⁹、1.5×10⁸、1.5×10⁷、1.5×10⁶、1.5×10⁵ OB/ml不同病毒液浓度下,LT50依次为3.65d、4.18d、5.16d、5.62d、6.82d,均小于7d,表现出该病毒液对苹果蠹蛾具有较强的毒力。两种生物药剂5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐GR（北京东方圣邦生物技术有限公司）、8000IU/mg苏云金芽孢杆菌SP（鹤壁百惠科技有限公司）和五种化学药剂25%灭幼脲WP（安阳市瑞泽农药有限责任公司）、2.5%溴氰菊酯EC（德国拜尔作物科学有限公司）、40%丙溴磷EC（陕西恒田化工有限公司）、4.5%甲氰菊酯EC（天津市海蓝佳豪药业有限公司）和2.5%联苯菊酯EC（杭州庆丰农化有限公司）对苹果蠹蛾的室内毒力测定结果表明:两种生物药剂对苹果蠹蛾4龄幼虫的LD₅₀均显著低于五种化学药剂,表现出对苹果蠹蛾幼虫很强的毒力;并且甲维盐和Bt对苹果蠹蛾1-4龄幼虫毒力随着幼虫龄期的增长而逐渐减弱,甲维盐在各个龄期的LD₅₀均低于Bt,表现出对苹果蠹蛾幼虫更强的毒力。田间药效实验结果表明:甲维盐和Bt在药后5d的防治效果均达到90%以上,在药后30d的防治效果均达到80%以上,表现出药剂良好的速效性和持效性;而且这两种药剂的防治效果与化学药剂溴氰菊酯的防治效果差异也很小,显著高于其他四种化学药剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Codling moth is a kind of quarantinable and international pest. It will bring panic to growing apple and pears. At present, it spreads to segments of Xinjiang and Gansu province in China. The current from Gansu corridor to Loess Plateau is appearing. So monitor and control for codling moth become more and more important. Finding out the diffusion and propagation condition in time is necessary. It can offer some reference to make a decision to control codling moth exactly. The study of controlling technique about codling moth will offer some experience for prediction scheme.The contents of study includes three parts, one is the monitor of codling moth under field conditions; two is the test of virulence for CypoGV under laboratory conditions; three is prevention and control codling moth using pesticides under both laboratory and field conditions.The codling moth will spread with man’s help because it can fly a short distance. So we set up several places in Gansu province and some locations along the line 315. The places include Zhangye city、Yongchang county、Wuwei city、Lanzhou city、Dingxi city、Tianshui city in Gansu province and Changwu county、Luochuan county、Bin county、Baishui County in Shaanxi province. The monitor results in 2009 showed that the codling moth had been monitored in Jinjiawan village in Zhangye city、Hongsimiao village in Yongchang county、Lunan village in Wuwei city、Hongyi village in Lanzhou city. Jinjiawan village in Zhangye city and Hongsimiao village in Yongchang county were infect areas. The maximal amount that been monitored was 75 head/trap. Hongyi village in Lanzhou city was a new area that the codling moth had been monitored. The amount was 2 head/trap. The monitor areas in 2010 were the same as 2009. The results in 2010 were similar as 2009, but some places were more serious. The amount in Lanzhou city in Gansu province in 2010 became bigger than 2009. The maximal amount had been 9 head/trap. The level had been green prediction standard（Ⅱ）. The codling moth hadn’t been monitored in Shaanxi province in 2009 and 2010.The results of virulence for CypoGV under laboratory conditions were tested. The mortality rate of larva was 88% in experimental group under 1.5×10⁹ OB/ml. The regression equation was y=0.342x-2.022 and LD₅₀ was 8.03×10⁵ OB/ml. The LT50 for CypoGV was 3.65d、4.18d、5.16d、5.62d、6.82d under 1.5×10⁹、1.5×108、1.5×10⁷、1.5×10⁶、1.5×10⁵ OB/ml respectively. The LT50 were low than 7d and more virulent for codling moth.The results of virulence for two biological pesticides and five chemical pesticides under laboratory conditions were tested. The biological pesticides included emamectin benzoate-chlorfenapyr GR and Bacillus thuringiensis SP. The chemical pesticides included deltamethrin EC、profenofos EC、chlorbenzuron WP、fenpropathrin EC、deltamethrin EC.The LD₅₀ of biological pesticides were low than the chemical pesticides for larva. The LD₅₀ of biological pesticides became bigger with the growing larva. The LD₅₀ of emamectin benzoate-chlorfenapyr GR was low than Bacillus thuringiensis SP. The results of control were tested under field conditions. The control efficacy of biological pesticides were above 90% after 5 days and were above 80% after 30 days. Two kinds of biological pesticides were better than five kinds of chemical pesticides for controlling codling moth.更多还原