【作者】 何景峰；

【导师】 张文辉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业推广， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以瑞典能源柳幼苗(幼树)为研究对象,根据杨凌、黄龙、桥山和天津4个地区引种的无性系类型,通过选取标准株,在全面分析了14个瑞典能源柳形态特征之后,重点对其中8个无性系在不同引种地的物候、抗逆性、生长状况和生物量累积效应等进行了系统研究,为能源柳无性系选优和适生地选择提供了依据,同时对推广能源柳栽培,发展能源林有重要的指导意义。其主要结论如下:(1)叶芽萌动和展叶始期受纬度和海拔影响,在4个引种地区叶芽萌动和展叶始期表现出杨凌(低纬度和低海拔)早于陕北黄龙、桥山(高纬度、高海拔)和天津(高纬度和低海拔)。杨凌引种柳树叶芽萌动始期早于陕北桥山和黄龙1-3周,展叶始期早于2~3周,天津蓟县和陕北黄龙、桥山物候期基本接近。尽管4个地区的气候有所差异,但从调查结果看,落叶始期几乎都9月份开始至11月底结束。(2)不同地区能源柳的抗逆性有所差异,以杨凌地区受危害程度最高,陕北黄龙和桥山以及天津蓟县受害程度较轻;危害能源柳的主要害虫有柳毒娥(Stilprotia salicis)、柳蓝叶甲(Plagiodera versicolora)、柳干木蠹蛾(Holcocerus vicarious)、蚜虫、蛴螬(Anomala corpulenta)、光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)幼虫,其中蛴螬和光肩星天牛幼虫对能源柳根系危害最大;瑞典能源柳具有较高的燃烧值,14个能源柳以瑞能C最高可达4412.539 cal/g,其它无性系燃烧值多在4300 cal/g左右。(3)瑞典C、瑞能E和瑞能2在4个引种地高和地径生长量表现出大于其它无性系的趋势;天津地区是4个引种地中瑞典能源柳最适生长区。(4)能源柳高和地径生长呈现出“S”型曲线。高和地径生长初期,一般在5月中旬前,曲线上升平缓,中期为5-8月,速生期,曲线上升陡度大,后期一般在9-11月,进入生长末期,生长逐渐变慢,曲线近乎水平;能源柳叶数量动态曲线均呈“抛物线”型,一般在5月之前叶数量增加较慢,8月中下旬在陕西引种地区叶数量达到最大,而在天津8月中旬前后达到最大,10月底以后叶子大量脱落。(5)瑞典2、瑞能C和瑞能E生物量在4个引种较大,1a生扦插苗按60000株/hm~2计算,瑞能C、瑞能E、瑞能2地上枝生物量在杨凌和天津均大于10.0t/hm~2,最大以瑞能C可达13.3t/hm~2。(6)4a生瑞典能源柳地上部分构件生物量符合主枝>一级侧枝>二级侧枝>三级枝;地下部分构件生物量符合主根>一级根>须根>二级根的规律;枝、根、叶生物量符合枝>根>叶的规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,Sweden energr willow seedlings(young trees) were as as research objects . According to the clone types of introduction willow in Yangling,Huanglong,Qiaoshan and Tianjin regions. By selection of standard individual, forst of all ,14 clobes morphological characteristics were analyzed, then, 8 emphases clones of Sweden willow were selcted for the research of phonological phenomenon, stress resistance, growth and biomass etc.. It supply basis for clone optimization and selection suitable habitat,and it had an important guide significance of popularization of Sweden energy willow. and development of energy forest The main results were as follow:(1) The period of germination and leaf expansion were effected by latitude and elevation. The period in Yangling(low latitude and elevation) was ahead of Huanglong and Qiaoshan (high latitude and elevation )and Tianjing (high latitude and low elevation) .Early day of germination in Yangling was prior to Qiaoshan and Huanglong.for 1-3 weeks and beginning of leaf expansion was 2-3 weeks.The period in Tianjing was close to Qiaolong and Huangshang. although climate had difference in four regions,the period of defoliation were almost from September to November .(2) Resistance of willows had difference in different regions. The insect pest was the strictest in Yangling region. The other regions were lighter than Yangling Insect pest of energy willow poison mainly had Stilprotia salicis, Plagiodera versicolora, Holcocerus vicarious aphides, Anomala corpulenta and Anoplophora glabripennis larvae among which Anomala corpulenta and Anoplophora glabripennis larvae strictly harmed root system of willow;The Sweden energy willow had the higher fuel value . Fuel valu of Ruineng C was the highest among 14 varieties and reached 4412.539 cal/g. Others clones was about 4300 cal/g.(3) Ruineng C ,Ruineng E and Ruineng 2 in 8 clones had higher height growth and diameter in four regions. Tianjing was the suitable habitat for the Sweden energy willow.(4) Height and diameter of energy willow showed“s”curve. At growth initial stage, curve gently ascended about the middle ten days of May. At fast-growing period, curve rapidly ascended about May to August.At later stage,when last period of growth come about September to Novermber, ascending tend of curve gradually slowed and reached level; Dynamic curve of leaf number present“parabola”shape. The increasing of leaf number was slower before May.The value of leaf number reached maximum in the middle ten days and the last ten days of August in Shaanxi. However, the value reached maximum about in theten days of August in Tiangjing. After October, the energy willow began defoliation.(5) Ruineng 2, Ruineng C and Ruineng E had higher biomass in four introduction regions. When density of 1-year-old cutting seedling was 60000 individual/hm~2 , 3 clones biomass of ground branches of 3 clones was more than 10.0t/hm~2 ,and in which,Ruineng C reached 13.3t/hm~2.(6) 4-year-seedling Biomass of ground branches of energy willow showed the rule: main branch>primary lateral branch>secondary lateral branch>tertiary lateral branch; The biomass of underground part accorded with the discipline: main root>primary root>fibrous root>secondary root. Biomass of branch ,leaf and root showed general rule: branch>root>leaf.更多还原