【作者】 徐鹏；

【导师】 程智慧；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 百合(Lilium. spp)是世界著名的球根花卉,花姿挺拔,花朵艳丽,用途广泛,深受消费者喜爱,市场需求量较大,设施栽培和规模化生产呈现不断增长趋势,但设施和规模化生产中连作障碍问题也日益突出。化感作用是连作障碍的重要原因,前人对百合化感作用虽有探索,但百合根系分泌物化感作用的机制尚不清楚。本试验以西伯利亚百合为供体,研究根系分泌物对不同受体蔬菜作物的化感作用,筛选敏感受体,鉴定化感物质,以期应用生物措施解决百合连作障碍问题,为百合可持续规模化生产提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.采用水培法收集百合根系分泌物,通过受体蔬菜种子发芽试验和幼苗生长试验,研究了不同水培阶段(培养10 d、20 d、30 d)收集的百合根系分泌物对不同受体植物的化感作用。结果表明:对萝卜而言,百合根系分泌物的化感强度随百合培养天数的增加而逐渐增强。30 d时化感强度达到最大。对番茄和黄瓜而言,不同时间收集的百合根系分泌物的化感作用呈现先下降后上升的趋势。在20 d时,化感作用最弱,在10 d时化感作用最强。对莴苣而言,化感作用强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势。在20 d时,化感作用最强。在不同水培阶段,萝卜对百合根系分泌物的化感作用最为敏感。2.分别采用萃取法和树脂法对百合根系分泌物进行分离,以萝卜为受体,生物检测百合根系分泌物不同组分的化感作用。结果表明:甲醇、氯仿、石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯5种组分对受体发芽率、苗高和苗鲜重都表现抑制效应,而对根鲜重均表现促进效应;甲醇、氯仿和石油醚组分对受体发芽指数、发芽势、根长表现抑制效应,而乙酸乙酯和乙醚组分则表现促进效应。各组分都导致受体幼苗MDA含量增加,吲哚乙酸活性酶活性升高,对SOD和POD活性影响不显著。从化感效应指数来看,甲醇、氯仿、石油醚和乙醚组分对受体种子萌发和幼苗生长表现抑制作用,而乙酸乙酯组分则表现促进作用。各组分化感效应大小的顺序为甲醇>氯仿>石油醚>乙酸乙酯>乙醚。3.GC-MS鉴定表明,百合根系分泌中可能的化感物质主要包括脂类、醇类、酚类等,其中脂类物质含量较高。生物检测验证试验表明,百合根系分泌物中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯,均具有化感作用,是百合根系分泌物的化感物质,其他物质还有待验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lily is the famous bulb flower in the world, which postures upright and flower is gorgeous, loved by consumer. So the market demand is huge and the areas of shelter cultivation are increasing. Scale, industrial and professional cultivation of lily lead to continuous cropping obstacles that are caused by many reasons, among which allelopathy is the important reason. Allelopathy of lily had been researched, but the allelopathy action mechanism of lily root exudates was unclear. So the allelopathy of lily root exudates and allelochemicals were researched to provide the theoretical basis to overcome continuous cropping obstacles and achieve large-scale production of lily. The main results were as follows.1. The water culture method was used to collect lily root exudates. Effects of Allelopathy of lily root exudates on different receive crops were researched at different stages(cultivated for 10 d, 20 d, 30 d) through seed germination and seedling growth experiments. The results indicated: with the water culture time adding, the allelopathy intensity of lily root exudates to the radish was increasing, which is the strongest on 30 d. Allelopathy intensity of lily root exudates to the tomato and cucumber and declined then increased as the water culture went on, which is the weakest on 20 d and strongest on 10 d. Allelopathy intensity of lily root exudates to the lettuce increased then declined as the water culture went on, which is strongest on 20 d. Radish is the most sensitive to the allelopathy intensity of lily root exudates in different stages.2. Allelopathy of different components lily root exudates on radish were studied, which were isolated by extracting and column chromatography. The results indicated that all fractions showed inhibitory effect on germination rate, shoot length and shoot weight of radish, but promotion effect on root weight. The fractions of methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether showed inhibitory effect on germination index, germination potentiality and root length, but the fractions of ethyl acetate and ethyl ether showed promotion effect. All fractions led to the increase of MDA content and the activity of IAA oxidase, then the change of protective enzymes SOD and POD activities did not show the obvious tendency. On the allelopathic index of the fractions of methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethyl ether showed inhibitory effect on seeds germination and seedlings growth of receiver, but the ethyl acetate fraction showed promotion effect. At the same time, the allelopathic index order of different fractions is methanol﹥chloroform﹥petroleum ether﹥ethyl acetate﹥ethyl ether.3. Allelochemicals in lily roots exudates mainly include lipid, alcohols, phenolic etc, with lipid content is higher, by GC-MS detection. Through verification experiment, 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester and dibutyl phthalatelily had allelopathy, which were allelochemicals in lily roots exudates. Other allelochemicals were still verified.更多还原