【作者】 刘燕；

【导师】 邹志荣；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 设施园艺工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以番茄(金鹏一号)为试验试材,采用简易有机基质槽培,研究不同灌水量和施肥水平对番茄形态指标、生理特性、产量、品质及水分利用率的影响。水分因子有3个水平,分别是H1:高水基质相对含水量( 95±5)%、H2 :中水( 80±5 )%、H3:低水( 65±5)%;施肥因子有4个水平,分别是Tl:只用有机基质栽培,不追施无机化肥;T2:追施化肥量,尿素1 084.665 kg/hm~2,硫酸钾483.06 kg/hm~2;T3:尿素1 812.825 kg/hm~2,硫酸钾1 115.775 kg/hm~2;T4:尿素2 540.835 kg/hm~2,硫酸钾1 748.505 kg/hm~2,采用完全随机组合,共12各处理。结果表明:1.不同水肥处理对生长指标的影响:在相同基质相对含水量条件下,各个水分处理的株高茎粗增长量都随着施肥量的增加出现先增加后降低的趋势,水分因子间的株高增长量表现出H1>H2>H3,以H1T2达到最大值93.67cm,次高H1T3为88.66cm,茎粗增长量表现出H1<H2<H3,以H3T3达到最大值0.20cm;在相同肥力条件下,株高茎粗增长量都随着基质相对含水量的增加而增大。2.不同水肥处理对生理指标的影响:番茄不同水肥处理时,处理H1T3的叶绿素含量、根系活力、净光合速率均达到最大值2.646 mg/g、573.53 ug/g·h、25.33 umol/m~2·s。在相同基质相对含水量条件下,各个水分处理的的叶绿素含量、根系活力、光合速率均随着施肥水平提高出现先增加后下降的趋势,在相同施肥条件下,各个肥料处理的根系活力均随着基质相对含水量的降低而降低,T2、T3和T4的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度也随着基质相对含水量的降低而降低,T1出现先下降后上升的趋势。3.不同水肥处理对番茄果实品质的影响:番茄不同施肥处理中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、Vc含量均以T3为最高,可溶性固形物则以T4为最高;在相同肥力情况下,番茄品质随着含水量的降低而呈现显著增高的趋势,以H3最好;综合考虑水分和肥料双因素对品质影响,处理H3T3为最佳处理.4.不同水肥处理对番茄产量及水分利用率的影响:番茄不同水分处理中H1的产量远远高于其它两个水分处理,番茄的产量和生物学产量均在基质相对含水量( 95±5)%中肥处理时达到最高,其值分别为1.534×10~5 kg/hm~2和458.53 g。在相同基质相对含水量条件下,番茄产量和水分利用率均随着施肥量的增加而呈现先上升后下降。在相同肥力情况下,水分利用率均随着基质相对含水量的增加而降低,并且不同水肥处理中处理H2T3的水分利用率最高,达到56.14 kg/m~3。更多还原

【Abstract】 A tomato cultivar(Jinpeng No.1)was used to study the organic cultivation patterns of different fertilizers and water management. The researth studied the effects of different fertilizers and water managements on yield and quality of tomato. 95%(±5%), 80%(±5%) and 65%(±5%) three relative water content treatments was designed in the experiment. There were four fertilizer treatments in this study:Treatment l, supplied with organic substrates only and without inorganic fertilizer; Treatment 2, the fertilization amount : CO(NH2)21 084.665 kg/hm~2,K2SO4483.06 kg/hm~2; Treatment 3, CO(NH2)21 812.825 kg/hm~2, K2SO4 1 115.775 kg/hm~2; Treatment 4, CO(NH2)22 540.835 kg/hm~2, K2SO41 748.505 kg/hm~2. There sults showed that:1. Effects of different water and fertilizers treatment on growth index of Tomato: The height and Stem diameter increment of every water treatments increased as the fertilizer levels increased at first and then decreased. The height growth between the water treatments to be showed: H1> H2> H3. The height growth in treatment H1T3(93.67cm) was the highest, Second highest was H1T3(88.66cm). At the same time, the Stem diameter increment between the water treatments to be showed the opposite trend: H1> H2> H3. And treatment H1T3(93.67cm) was the highest. Under the same fertility conditions: The height and Stem diameter increment of all rised gradually with the increase of substrate relative water content.2. Effects of different water and fertilizers treatment physiological index of Tomato: The Chlorohyll content、root vigor system and Pn in treatment H1T3 was the highest. Under the same substrate relative water content conditions, The Chlorohyll content、root vigor system and Pn of every water treatments increased as the fertilizer levels increased at first and then decreased. Under the same fertility conditions: Root vigor system were reduced as the discreased substrate relative water content. The same trend to Pn, Tr , Gs of treatment T2、T2 and T4. And T1 appears increased at first and then decreased.3. Effects of different water and fertilizers treatment on quality of tomato: Under different fertilizer treatments, the soluble sugar、soluble protein、Vc and yield of tomato in treatment T3 was the highest in the same substrate relative water content. At the same time, soluble matter in treatment T4 was the highest. With the different water treatments under the same fertility conditions, The quality of tomato of every fertilizer treatments all droppde as the increased substrate relative water content. When tomato would be planted in organic substrate,from the view of higher fruit quality,H3T3 could be taken as a quantitative index for water and fertilizer management of tomato.4. Effects of different water and fertilizers treatment on yield and water using efficiency of Tomato: The yield of tomato with the treatment H1 were higher than other water treatments .The fruits yield and Biological yield per plant of tomato in treatment H1T3 was the highest. The results reached 1.534×10~5 kg/hm~2 and 458.53 g respectively. Under the same substrate relative water content conditions, The fruits yield and water using efficiency of every water treatments increased as the fertilizer levels increased at first and then decreased. Under the same fertility conditions: The Water using efficiency of every fertilizer treatments all droppde as the increased substrate relative water content. Water using efficiency in treatment H2T3(56.14 kg/m~3) was the highest .更多还原