【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 许娟；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 法学理论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会主义市场经济的发展,社会进入了急剧的转型期,物业小区正是这一转型期的产物,并且已经成为城市的基本单元。党中央、国务院高度重视基层民主自治,小区自治已经成为我国基层民主自治的重要组成部分。小区公约的运行是小区自治的核心内容,既关系到和谐小区的建设又关系到社会的稳定。但是,无论在理论上还是实践中,小区公约的运行都没有受到应有的重视。小区公约是小区自治的基础,是民间法的重要组成部分,具有地域性、自发性、内控性与经济性等特点。小区公约指全体业主为了维护共同的合法权益,保障物业小区的安全与合理使用,维护并营造安全、文明、和谐的小区氛围,而决议的共同遵守事项。小区公约是业主自治的最高文件,不仅对各个业主有约束力,还对其共居人、雇工、承租人、物业服务公司、业主委员会等具有约束力。小区公约的运行是一个从小区公约的制定到实施的过程。在实践中,小区自治存在诸如小区公约制定不及时,业主及其他相关主体时常发生违反小区公约的行为等现象,其主要原因是“业主参与的缺失”。业主的参与缺失具体表现为业主参与的广度与深度不够;业主负面参与多,正面参与少;业主被动参与多,主动参与少;业主参与的结构不均衡这四个方面。业主是小区公共决策的参与者、小区公共事务的参与者、小区公共事务的监督者。业主的参与是小区公约运行的关键,要通过培育小区自治意识、塑造积极的公民精神、开展广泛的小区教育、创新业主参与方式以及建立业主参与的激励机制等方式来调动业主参与小区公约运行的积极性,从而保证小区自治取得良好的效果。本文主要研究小区公约运行的相关基础性问题,通过借鉴国外和我国台湾地区关于小区公约运行的理论研究与实践经验,旨在构建小区公约良好运行的框架,发现小区公约运行中存在的主要问题并且提出解决该问题的对策。本文分为五个部分。第一部分是小区公约概述。第二部分是小区公约的内容。第三部分是小区公约的制定。第四部分是小区公约的实施。第五部分分析了小区公约在运行中存在的主要问题并提出了解决该问题的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Socialist Market Economy and the rapid transition of society, Residential property is the product of the transition, and has become the basic unit of the city. As CPC Central Committee and State Council paid more attention to grassroots self-governing organizations, Autonomous Community has become the important part of grassroots self-governing organizations. The operation of District Convention is the core of Autonomous Community which makes effect not only on the construction of Harmony Community, but also on stability of society. However, the operation of District Convention is not given the full weight it deserves from the point of view either in theory or in practice. District Convention, the basis of the operation of community and the key components for fork low, has the features of regional, voluntary, internal control and economy and so on. District Convention is a common Compliance matters which made by all proprietors in order to safeguard the legitimate rights, protect the security and reasonable usage of residential property and create a safe, civilized and harmonious community. District Convention is the superior document of owner self-governing. It restraints every proprietor, residents, hired labor, leaseholder, Service Company and the owner committee.The operation of District Convention is a District Convention from drawing to carrying out of the process. In practice, there are some phenomenons in the operation of District Convention. For example, District Convention has not been drawn up in time, or the owners and the other main organizations always violate the District Convention. The key reason is‘the absent of owners’participation’. What the absent of owners’participation shows in four aspects is that the range and depth of the owners’participation are not enough; most owners take part in the activity in more negative way than the positive way; many owners are forced to participate, only little owners are active to participate; the structure of the owners’participation is not balanced. The owners are the participators in community public decision and in community public affairs, and the supervisors in community public affairs. The participation of owners is the key in carrying out the District Convention. In order to protecting the good performance of District Convention, the community should arouse the active attention to participate in carrying out the District Convention though developing the consciousness of Autonomous Community, promoting positive citizen spirit, establishing extensive community education, making innovations in ways of Owners’Participation and formulating the encouraging system in Owners’Participation.The article mainly discusses the related basic questions of the operation of District Convention. It aims at creating the structure of the good operation of District Convention, discovering the existing main questions and making a program to solve the problems though using the reference about the theory and experience of the operation of District Convention from the overseas and Taiwan district. Therefore, the thesis can divide into five parts. The first part is general introduction of District Convention. The second part is content of District Convention. The third part is drawing up the District Convention. The forth part is carrying out the District Convention. The last part is making analysis of the existing main questions in operating the District Convention and putting forward the program to deal with the problem.更多还原