【作者】 杨华；

【导师】 李建国；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 保甲作为南京国民政府推行时间最长、影响最大的基层组织近些年来越来越受到学术界关注,但是研究的重视程度和深入程度依然不够。其中有关山东保甲制度的研究很少,只是在一些综合性著作中略有提及。近代山东情况复杂,保甲制度在这块土地上呈现出怎样的区域化特点,值得我们研究。本文从国民政府、日伪政权、共产党三方面对山东保甲进行研究,揭示它的特殊性。国民政府推行保甲制度的直接原因是为了反对共产党,同时也为了加强政府对基层的控制力。国民政府赋予保甲组织“管、教、养、卫”的职能,期望建立一种行政、教育、经济、军事合一的基层组织。虽然山东省响应国民政府积极的推行保甲制度,但是实际的施行效果不理想。山东农村经济趋于破产,大量农村人口离村出走,加上政府选择保甲人员不当,都严重制约了保甲制度的实行和发挥作用。全面抗日战争爆发后,南京国民政府丧失对山东的统治权,山东逐渐演变成日伪政权、国民政府、共产党三方政治势力共存的局面。受战争影响,国民政府寄望于保甲的各种职能基本丧失殆尽,只剩下征兵纳粮的作用。日伪政权为了对付占据农村为根据地的共产党,以国民政府推行的保甲为基础,重新建立保甲组织。日伪政权实行的保甲具有鲜明的殖民地化特征,是日本侵略者奴化压迫中国人民,巩固殖民统治的得力工具。中国共产党对保甲制度有着深刻清醒的认识,一贯主张废除保甲制度。在全民抗战的背景下,共产党采取了灵活多变的斗争策略,对于国统区的保甲制度要求进行改革,建立民主为原则的乡村自治制度;对于日伪占领区的保甲要求从实际出发,利用保甲制度的形式为抗日斗争服务。1928年到1945年期间,山东保甲制度有明显的阶段性特点。1928年到1936年是第一阶段,这时期的山东保甲是由南京国民政府主导和推行的。1937年到1945年是第二阶段,这时期的山东保甲被多方政治势力渗透利用,呈现出复杂性的特点。第一阶段的山东保甲是南京国民政府主导和推行的一种具有多职能的基层组织,实行的效果不理想,发挥的职能也有限。第二阶段的山东保甲不单纯是一种基层组织,还成为日本侵略者和中国人民的侵略与反侵略的斗争工具。因此,山东保甲制度又具有正义与非正义的双重性质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bao-Jia was the longest and most influential grassroots organization of NanjingNational Government. It acquires Academic attention more and more in recent years.But the research about Bao-Jia system on the extent and depth is still not enough.Research on Bao-Jia system in Shandong Province is very little, and only has sketchymentions in some comprehensive treatise. The modern Shandong Province situation iscomplex, so it is worth us studying that Bao-Jia system shows what kind ofregionalizing characteristic in this land. In this paper, I want to study Bao-Jia systemin Shandong Province from Nanjing National Government, Japanese and Puppetregime, Communist Party of China three aspects and reveal its particularity.The direct cause of Bao-Jia system implementation of Nanjing NationalGovernment was to oppose Communist Party of China. Also it used Bao-Jia system tostrengthen government control over the grassroots level. The Government has givenBao-Jia system"management, education, support, and defense "functions. It hoped toestablish an administrative, educational, economic and military unity of the grassrootsorganizations. Although Shandong Province responsed to the implementation ofBao-Jia system positively, the actual execution effect was not ideal. Shandong ruraleconomy tended to bankruptcy, a large rural population away from the village,together with The Government chose to improper Bao-Jia staff had seriouslyhampered the implementation of Bao-Jia system and played a role. After thecomprehensive War of Resistance Against Japan broke out, The Government lost therule in Shandong Province. Shandong Province evolved into the situation ofcoexistence of Japanese and Puppet regime, Nanjing National Government,Communist Party of China. Affected by the war, The Government hoped that thevarious functions in the basic Bao-Jia lost, leaving only the role of conscription paytaxes. Japanese and Puppet regime re-establish Bao-Jia which based on Bao-Jiasystem implementation of Nanjing National Government for dealing with representthe base area in the countryside of Communist Party of China. Japanese and Puppetregime imposed Bao-Jia colonization with distinct characteristics of Japanese invadered enslave oppressed people of China, a powerful tool forconsolidationof colonial rule. Communist Party of China had deep conscious awareness of Bao-Jiasystem, and consistently advocated the abolition of it. In the context of nationalanti-Japanese war, Communist Party of China adopted a flexible policy of struggle. Itwanted to reform Bao-Jia system in KMT-ruled area, establishment of democraticprinciples of village self-government system; and use Bao-Jia System for war servicein Japanese and Puppet regime-ruled area.1928 to 1945, Bao-Jia system in Shandong Province had obvious gradualcharacteristic. 1928 to 1936 was the first stage, and it was dominated by Governmentand implemented. 1937 to 1945 was the second stage, and it was multi-political forcesduring the infiltration of use, showing the characteristics of complex. Bao-Jia systemin Shandong Province in the first stage was a grassroots organization with multiplefunctions which was dominated by Nanjing National Government and implemented.The effect of its implementation was not satisfactory, and the functions was limited.Bao-Jia system in Shandong Province in the second stage was not simply a grassrootsorganization, and became the Japanese aggressors and the Chinese people’s struggleagainst aggression and aggression tools. Therefore, Bao-Jia system in ShandongProvince had the dual nature of justice and injustice.更多还原