【作者】 张志勇；

【导师】 潘尓顺； 吴义勇；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 工业工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国日渐成为世界加工车间的今天,我国制造业或者具体的说是密集型劳动加工业,追求人力成本的最大化使用显然更加的孜孜不倦。而人力成本的最大化使用,并不是拼命让工人干活,同时拼命压榨其应得利益。随着EICC的推广和深入人心,企业应该也只能从提高生产效率着手,通过确保工人进入生产线的每一秒时间都在产生相应的效益,来使得人力成本得到最大化的应用。这就需要仔细研究生产线平衡问题,消除等待,搬运等种种产线浪费现象。总结本厂历年的实际改善活动,发现针对线平衡问题所提出之解决法则,主要是依靠经验排序,先考虑工作站个数的前提下,再由工序流程图所提供的优先工序,决定工序所欲配置的工作站,在工作站的工序配置中考虑该工作站的工时状况,尽力使得各工作站间工时平衡。在思考和改善的过程中,我们发现改善的手法多是经验性的,局部性的,甚至存在改回头的作法。不过好在方法简便,易于工程师操作,且可以快速得到产线布局方案。而探讨文献所载线平衡改善问题,则还有最优化法,即通过建模计算,来确定最佳的生产线设置方案。虽然这样的结果更加准确,方案能带来更高的线平衡度,但是计算负责,费时费力,对工程人员要求很高,而生产线环境时刻面临变化,大量的重复的计算动作显然并不适用于生产改善。本文通过探讨提升生产线线平衡的经验排序法和韩格逊—伯尼法这两种常规性手法,总结在实际的生产线改善活动中,面对种种线平衡改善手法,在不同的需求下如何取舍并如何着手的问题。通过对两种方法的对比,总结出工厂改善时在不同的环境下选择不同的改善手法的原则,对同类工厂及IE工程师和生产管理人员有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China is on the way to the processing plant of the world, the manufacturing industry-specifically the labor-intensive processing industry-in China sees a higher pursuit in the maximum of the use of the labor cost. To maximize the labor cost utility is not to exploit the due benefit of the employees by pushing them into a large labor intensity. With the popularization of EICC, the company should and could only achieve the maximum utility of the labor cost by improving the production efficiency, making sure the corresponding benefits has been produced the moment employees begin to work. Therefore, it’s necessary to consult the line balance problems ,how to eliminate waiting time and transporting as well as other wasted phenomenon. By Summarizing the actual reforming activities in the past years, we can see the solving principles of the line balance problems are based on experiences. Taken the number of working stations into account, the balance of working hours in the working stations can be managed by the situation of working hours during the process of configuring working stations which is determined according to the preferential procedure provided by the procedure flowing chart. During the thinking and reforming activities, these means are found experimental, partial, even backward. Fortunately, the methods usually are simple, easy to operate and can lead a quick layout scheme to the production line. And the problem of line balance included in the documents has the optimal method, namely to determine the best plan of setting up a production line with model calculations. Although the scheme has higher accuracy of the result and higher line balancing degree achieved by the scheme, the calculation, which is complex and time-consuming, requires high performance of engineers. It is clear that a great quantity of calculation isn’t suitable for the production amelioration, considering the changing environment of production line.Via studying the two regular methods which used to improve the line balance, this essay summarizes the problems that how to make one’s choice and how to undertake the methods in the actual line-reforming activities facing different requirements. According to the comparison between them, principles which arose in different situations during reforming time can be summarized. It is of great reference value to the alike factories, IE engineers, and producing managers.更多还原