【作者】 杨灵；

【导师】 魏啸飞；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 伯纳德·马拉默德是二战以后美国文坛最著名的犹太作家之一。他被称为“最具犹太性”的作家,因为在其作品中体现了独特的犹太特性。他关注犹太人的命运,同时坚信认真思考犹太人的苦难经历可以为人类提供重要的启示。《修配工》(1966)是马拉默德继《伙计》之后的又一力作,讲述了俄国犹太人雅科夫·博克饱受俄国反犹政府折磨的惨痛经历。小说一经发表就荣获了美国普利策奖和国家图书奖,为马拉默德的写作生涯划上了辉煌的一笔。几十年来,许多学者都对此小说进行过研究,涵盖了小说的受难主题、神话原型以及文化及历史意义等方面。与以上研究方向略有不同,本文从小说人物的犹太身份这一主题着手,通过分析雅科夫对自己犹太身份认识的变化发展,揭示犹太身份的真正内涵。正文部分分别从三个阶段来深入探讨雅科夫的精神变化历程。第一部分重点阐述了马拉默德对于犹太身份的独到见解并依此分析了雅科夫身份危机的内在原因。雅科夫对自己的犹太身份深恶痛绝,试图避而远之,但同时意识到自己无法真正摆脱犹太身份去融入世俗社会。第二部分主要讨论了基督教反犹势力对雅科夫犹太身份意识的影响。反犹主义对犹太民族形成了巨大威胁,但同时也加强了犹太人的身份意识,反而在保存犹太民族方面起了某种积极的作用。雅科夫在监狱中遭受的来自反犹主义者的折磨促使他不断省思自己的民族,从而唤醒了其失落的犹太身份意识。第三部分主要探讨了著名犹太哲学家斯宾诺莎对雅科夫的精神指引。在小说中,斯宾诺莎对雅科夫的变化起着举足轻重的作用。最初,雅科夫片面地认为斯宾诺莎只是倡导个人幸福,这种观念最终导致他深陷囹圄,只有在经历重重磨难后他才明白,真正的自由是与历史责任紧密相连的,存在于民族的自由。至此,雅科夫正式回归其犹太身份。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bernard Malamud is universally ranked as one of the leading Jewish writers in the history of American literature after World War II. Honored as the most Jewish writer in America, he spares no effort to display a unique perspective in Jewish history and culture in his novels and stories. Much concerned about Jewish destiny, Malamud firmly believes that people will gain much inspiration by seriously pondering over the sufferings of Jews.The Fixer (1966) is one of Malamud s masterpieces. It recounts the story of Yakov Bok, a Russian Jew, who suffers a lot from the anti-Semitic Russian government. The novel, which wins the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Awards shortly after its publication, marks the zenith of Malamud s writing career. For decades, many scholars home and abroad probe into the novel from different perspectives, which include the theme of suffering, the archetype of the novel s protagonist and the historical significance.Different from other perspectives, this paper puts its focus upon the issue of Jewish identity. Exploring the development of Yakov s awareness to his own Jewish identity, this paper will reveal the essence of Jewish identity implied in the novel by analyzing Yakov s metamorphosis in three parts.The first part elaborates upon Malamud s unique views in Jewish identity and unveils the reasons behind Yakov s identity crisis. Nauseated by his Jewish identity and eager to abandon it, Yakov is also aware of the difficulty to get rid of his Jewish identity and enter into secular life.The second part mainly discusses the unexpected positive effect upon Yakov s awareness to his Jewish identity exerted by anti-Semitic forces from the Christian world. Yakov s sufferings inflicted by anti-Semites drive him to meditate upon the destiny of Jews and motivate him to come to terms with his Jewish identity.The third part probes into the influence of Spinoza, a famous Jewish philosopher, who provides spiritual guidance for Yakov. At first, Yakov misinterprets Spinoza s advocacy to pursue individual freedom and ends up as a prisoner. But later, Yakov comes to realize that the real freedom lies in one s undertaking responsibility in history and at this moment, his Jewish identity is fully regained.更多还原