【作者】 张小华；

【导师】 段启俊；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 刑法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 个人信息体现的是自然人的一般人格利益,以及因其可利用性而带来的经济价值。无论信息是否为本人所认知,都体现了一定的人格价值,一旦被非法利用,信息主体将面临人格及其他合法权益受损的危险。对个人信息的保护问题涉及宪法、民法、刑法、行政法等诸多法律部门的调整。个人信息的刑法保护,是指通过刑事法来实现对个人信息的保护。个人信息的易受侵害性、侵犯个人信息行为的低风险性、和刑法的功能及其最后保障性决定了对个人信息的保护需要刑法的调整和介入。同时,对个人信息的刑法保护又应当限定在一个适度的范围和力度之内。我国刑法长久以来仅存在一些通过对隐私利益的保护间接保护个人信息的规定,《刑法修正案(七)》增加的侵犯个人信息犯罪条款,为个人信息刑法保护提供了直接依据。该条前两款规定了两个独立的罪名:出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪和非法获取公民个人信息罪。对域外立法发展进行分析研究,可以为我国立法和司法实践提供有益的借鉴。通过域外个人信息刑法保护的立法比较考察并反思我国的立法现状,可以发现个人信息的刑法保护仍然存在着一些不足之处,如:前置法的缺失使得刑法的规定无所依托、行为方式难以满足现实需要、作为非法获取个人信息罪的犯罪对象的个人信息范围过窄、将侵犯个人信息犯罪追诉方式仅规定为公诉等。鉴于此,我国个人信息的刑法保护应当从以下四个方面完善立法:首先,刑法条文与相关法律法规之间的协调,其次,犯罪对象适当扩大;再次,合理规定侵害个人信息的手段;最后,追诉方式以自诉为主。更多还原

【Abstract】 Personal information embodies the general personality interests of natural person, as well as the economic value brought about by its availability. The information reflects a certain personality value no matter people know it themselves, and the information subject will face the risk of damage to personality and other legal rights and interests when the information has been illegal used. The protection of personal information is related to the Constitution, Civil Law, Criminal Law, Administrative Law, and many other law departments. Personal information should be protected by criminal law because of its vulnerability, low-risk of the injurious act, the function and final guaranteeing of criminal law. But the criminal law protection for personal information should be limited to a moderate scope.There are only some regulations to protect personal information indirectly from the perspective of the interests of privacy in the criminal law for a long time. As the accessorial clause of the Seventh Amendment to Criminal Law, crime of infringing personal information provide a direct basis for the criminal protection of personal information. There are two independent accusation in the seventh term of the Seventh Amendment to Criminal Law are crime of sale and illegally providing citizens’individual information and crime of illegally obtaining citizens’individual information respectively.Analysis and research on the extraterritorial legislation could provide useful experience and lessons to our legislation and judicial practice. Compared with the extraterritorial legislation and analyze Chinese current situation of legislation, we will find that there are some defects of the criminal protection of personal information, such as the criminal law can not put into practice effectively because of the lackage of the relevant laws, the type of the act pattern is insufficient, the scope of criminal object of crime of illegally obtaining personal information is too narrow, public prosecution is the only means of prosecution to the crime of infringing personal information, and so on. In view of this, we should perfecting legislation of the criminal protection of personal information as belows: strengthening coordination between criminal law and other relevant laws, enlarging the scope of criminal object appropriately, the act pattern of infringing personal information should be more reasonable and change the means of prosecution from public prosecution to private prosecution.更多还原