【作者】 张乐；

【导师】 李捷； 蒲新明；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 全球气候变化和人类对海洋的加深影响引发了近海富营养化的增加和赤潮的频发,导致海洋生物资源不断衰退。据记载,已有300多种藻类引发了赤潮,其中有80多种能够产生藻毒素。目前,大部分研究都关注在赤潮藻毒素对海洋浮游动物的抑制作用上。然而,藻类营养成分脂肪酸尤其是多元不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),在细胞膜、视网膜、脑体、神经组织和某些激素的合成中具有不可替代的作用,对海洋动物的生长发育起着至关重要的作用。在赤潮过程中,浮游植物优势种群的演替及赤潮发展阶段的变化都会引起重要营养成分脂肪酸的变化,从而对浮游动物乃至整个海洋动物产生深远的影响。由此可见,赤潮中藻毒素只是引起生物资源衰退的一个方面。本文从营养的角度出发,在室内考察胶州湾内一些常见赤潮种藻细胞脂肪酸随其生长期变化而变化的规律,并深度研究了这种变化给海洋浮游动物带来的影响。本文利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)技术,对胶州湾常见的四种赤潮藻(diatom: Skeletonema costatum,Chaetoceros didymus;dinoflagellate: Prorocgntrum micans,Scrippsiella trochoidea)脂肪酸的组成特征及其在细胞生长期中的变化规律进行了系统的分析,并且在室内考察了不同生长期的赤潮藻(Skeletonema costatum;Prorocentrum micans)对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的影响。检测分析中,线性相关性、回收率(80.8℅～106.0℅)、精密度(RSD<3℅)及方法重复性(RSD<9℅)数据反映了本实验所采用的脂肪酸提取、纯化以及分析方法可靠且准确度较高。仅从所分析的18种脂肪酸来看:硅藻中饱和脂肪酸以C14:0,C16:0为主,多饱和脂肪酸以C18:2ω6,C20:5ω3为主,含有少量C22:6ω3;甲藻中饱和脂肪酸以C16:0,C18:0为主,多饱和脂肪酸以C18:2ω6,C18:3ω6,C22:6ω3为主;其中,硅藻C16:1ω7/C16:0比值比甲藻要高的多。脂肪酸在藻细胞生长期中的大致变化规律为:从藻细胞适应期开始,含量逐渐增加,在静止期达到最大,进入衰亡期后,其量又开始降低。另外,研究表明:对数期的赤潮藻因其含有较多的脂肪酸,能够使中华哲水蚤保持一定的产卵率,然而衰亡期的赤潮藻有终止中华哲水蚤产卵的趋势。无论是处于对数期还是衰亡期,甲藻海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)因其含有丰富的脂肪酸,尤其是多元不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),都比硅藻(Skeletonema costatum)中肋骨条藻更有利于中华哲水蚤的产卵。更多还原

【Abstract】 Global climate changes and deepening impacts of human beings on the oceans caused an increase in the coastal eutrophication and red-tides,which resulted in continuous declining in marine living resources.According to past records,more than 300 kinds of algaes triggered red-tides,of which more than 80 kinds of algaes can produce Phycotoxins . At present , most studies have focused on inhibition of Phycotoxins on marine zooplankton. However,nutrients of algaes,such as fatty acids especially polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), play an irreplaceable role in the cell membrane,retina,brain,nerve tissue and some hormone.thus,they are vital for development and recruit of marine animals.During red-tides, biotic succession of dominant algae species and transformations of its developing phase will cause some changes in fatty acids which will bring about profound influence on zooplankton,even on the whole marine animals.From what we have discussed, it is obvious that phycotoxins is just one aspect to cause a decline in biological resource.This paper,from stand of nutrition,conducted a research on fatty acids of the common red-tides in the JiaoZhou Bay and the changing rule of its fatty acids along with growth phases.what’s more,we also studied the impacts of this changes on marine zooplankton at the same time .This paper have analysed characteristic composition and changing regularity of fatty acids of the four red-tide algaes during growth phase by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS) technology,and investigated impacts of different growth phase of red-tide algae on copepod Calanus sinicus.In detection analysis,the datas such as linear correlation,recovery rates,precision,repeatability and so on,show the method of extraction,purication and examination of fatty acids reliable and accuracy.From selected 18 fatty acids:the saturated fatty acids C14:0,C16:0 are dominant,the main polyunsaturated fatty acids are C18:2ω6 , C20:5ω3 , without C22:6ω3 in diatom.Whereas in dinoflagellate,C16:0,C18:0,C18:2ω6,C18:3ω6,C22:6ω3 are primary.Observe that The ratio of C16:1ω7/C16:0 is obviously higher in diatom than in dinoflagellate.The general changing trend of fatty acids in growth stages of the red-tide algaes seems be that:from adaptative phase,the content increase gradually passing through logarithmic phase,the value get to the climax till stationary phase,and start to decrease as soon as decline phase coming.Further more,the present datas indicate: the logarithmic phase of rid-tide algaes which contain more fatty acids can make Calanus sinicus keep a degree of eggs production rate(EPR),however,the decline phase of rid-tide algaes were terminating its eggs production gradually in contrast.In both growth phase,dinoflagellate(Prorocentrum micans)containing more fatty acids,PUFA in particular,was preferable to diatom diets(Skeletonema costatum)for eggs production.更多还原