【作者】 张丽；

【导师】 罗玉明；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 1909年成立的户部大清银行湖南分行是近代湖南建立的第一家新式银行,自此,湖南近代银行业开始兴起。民国初年,湖南银行业在国家政策支持,社会经济发展的需求下得到了短暂的发展,但由于湖南军阀混战,政局不稳,银行沦为军阀敛财的工具;银行人事制度不完善,业务不振;滥发纸币,信用低下等原因,这一时期的银行往往随着它所依靠军阀的兴亡而兴亡,如同昙花一现,在1922年以后湖南的银行全部都停业了,金融大权为钱庄独握。到1927年南京国民政府成立,湖南政局才趋于稳定,湖南百业待兴。在南京国民政府成立后的前10年即1927—1937年,湖南银行业发展出现了前所未有的高潮期。究其原因:南京国民政府时期国家采取有力措施发展经济;南京国民政府需要建立自己的金融体系,颁布了一系列金融政策,湖南本省为发展经济,稳定金融,需要银行来湘发展。这些都客观上为湖南银行的发展营造了一个良好的环境,湖南银行适时复出,吸取以前银行不能长久的前车之鉴,加强银行规章制度的建设,严格依法经营,与地方政府互惠互助等,银行业发展一片欣欣向荣。其表现为银行机构遍布湖南全省,经营有道,业务范围广泛,业务蒸蒸日上等。银行的发展对湖南社会产生了重要影响,主要体现在扶助湖南地方公共事业建设,推动湖南工商业发展,推行国家金融政策,稳定省内金融,维持市面等,但同时也存在一些不足之处,表现为地域发展不平衡,成为政府收刮民财的重要工具,银行自身实力较弱,对广大农村地区经济扶持不够等。但是它所起的积极作用是主要的,值得肯定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract The branch banks of Hunan which belongs to the Household sector of Great Qing Dynasty established in 1909 was the first new- type founded in the Modern of Hunan. The rise of modern banks in the early Republic had a short-term development, however, because of political instability in Hunan, the confused fighting between the warlords, the banks became some kinds of tools for the warlords to collect wealth illegally, What’s more, with the personnel system was imperfect and the business of the banks were getting worse and worse, then, they rose and fell with the warlords. After the year of 1922, the bank of Hunan collapsed completely, and the private banks took over the business of the banks. After the establishment of the Nanking National Government in 1927, the situation of Hunan political was very stable; a thousand businesses remain to be done. During the years from 1927 to 1937, the development of the bank of Hunan had a climax driven by Political, economic and other factors timely return of the Hunan banks restored. The banks learned lessons from previous ones during the period , the banks of Hunan were founded all over the province. The business ran in order, had widely range and had an important impact to Hunan society: assisted local public constructions and industrial and commercial development in Hunan, promoted national financial policy, financial stability in the province and maintained the market which had made positive contributions. However, the banks in this period still had some shortcomings: the department of the banks: in region were unbalanced, the received they were important tools for the government to collect the masses‘s wealth illegally, the power of the banks were weak, their economic support of the vast rural areas were not enough and so on. The positive roles that played the major influence should be affirmed.更多还原