【作者】 刘玲；

【导师】 蒋欣欣；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 日裔美国作家约翰·岡田是美国当代文坛的杰出代表人物之一，他的小说《不不小子》为那些致力于种族偏见研究的亚裔美国作家们开创了先河。同时，美国著名的族裔评论家金惠经指出，《不不小子》生动地描绘了拘留营政策对日裔美国人家庭及社区造成的毁灭性影响。这是其它任何一部日裔美国文学作品所不能及的。当今国外评论家们已对这部小说给予广泛的关注，并认为《不不小子》为二代日裔美国作家开启了美国文学的大门。小说在出版之初遭到封杀，但随着评论家的不断关注，最终赢得迟来的认可。为什么小说会经历这样一个变化的接受过程？小说的含混对造成这一结果起着至关重要的作用。在本论文中，含混主要指读者在理解某事物时发现此事物由两个或多个矛盾体构成，这些矛盾体虽然彼此相互排斥，但水乳交融于一体。读者很难给出一个清晰的答案。因此，以往的评论家们对《不不小子》做出了不同甚至是矛盾的结论。本论文对约翰·岡田《不不小子》的含混进行系统地分析。论文主要从小说语境的含混，小说中主人公追寻自我的含混以及日裔美国人文化价值的含混三个方面进行了较为详细地解析。第一部分简要评述小说生成的社会背景，以及在此背景下作者如何以其模棱两可的身份创作这部小说。同时，指出社会背景的混乱使作者的意图处于含混状态，而小说的标题也正是从表层揭示出作者意图的含混。第二部分详尽分析小说中的含混，以主人公一郎自我追寻的含混为主。指出主人公一郎在认识和追寻自我的过程中受到母亲、健次与惠美三个矛盾体的影响，最终寻回一个不确定的未来。第三部分深刻剖析造成小说中日裔美国人文化价值含混的原因。以一郎为代表的日裔美国人因受到来自家庭、族群以及社会不同文化价值的冲击，所以无法形成清晰的价值判断。当他们认同于某一群体时，却被另一群体排挤，因而总是处于徘徊、犹豫的处境，进而陷入矛盾、含混的泥潭。最后，结论部分表明作者岡田正是受其外在矛盾处境和内在模糊观念驱使，创造出含混的主人公一郎，才有力地批判美国文化种族主义给日裔美国人带来的扭曲和创伤。更多还原

【Abstract】 John Okada (1957-1971), a Japanese American writer, is considered as one of the outstanding representatives of contemporary American literary figures. His novel No-No Boy creates a new ground for those Asian American writers who are committed to the studies of racial prejudice. Meanwhile, Elaine H. Kim, an American ethnic critic, points out that No-No Boy vividly and painfully explores the effect of internment on Japanese American families and Japanese American community, which can not be matched by any other Japanese American literary works. Today, foreign critics have paid much attention to the novel, and believed No-No Boy opens a door for the second-generation Japanese American writers to American literature.No-No Boy does not get its welcome at first, but with critics’constant attention, it wins its belated recognition. Why dose the novel have such shifting reception? The ambiguity of the novel plays an important role for such a result. In this thesis, ambiguity mainly refers to a thing which consists of two or more contradictions. Though these contradictory elements repel each other, they still coexist in a thing. When readers want to have a good comprehension of a thing, they will find that they have difficulty in distinguishing its major aspects. Therefore, previous critics have made different and even contradictory conclusions of No-No Boy.This thesis has a systematic analysis of and research on the ambiguity of No-No Boy. It analyzes the novel from three aspects: the ambiguity of the context, the ambiguity of Ichiro’s self-searching and the ambiguity of the cultural values. The first part analyzes the social backgrounds for the novel’s formation. And under such social backgrounds, how does the author create such an ambiguous novel through his ambiguous identities? Meanwhile, the thesis points out the chaotic social backgrounds make the author in a confused state. And the title of the novel reveals the author’s ambiguous intention at the superficial level. The second part gives an in-depth analysis of the novel’s ambiguity, taking the ambiguity of Ichiro’s self-searching as central aspect. It points out that Ichiro, the protagonist, influenced by the self-contradictory characters: mother, Kenji and Emi, constructs an ambiguous self and retrieves an uncertain future. The third part analyzes the reasons for the ambiguity of the cultural values among Japanese Americans in the novel. They are attacked by different cultural values from the family, community and society. They can not form common norms to their culture. When they are recognized by a group, they are excluded by another. Therefore, they are in a fluctuating state. Finally, the conclusion states that Okada affected by external contradictory context and internal ambiguous intention, creates an ambiguous protagonist Ichiro. Through Ichiro, Okada strongly criticizes American cultural racism which causes Japanese Americans’distortion and trauma.更多还原