【作者】 王俊；

【导师】 张红霞；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 1976年,英国牛津大学著名动物学家和行为生态学家Richard Dawkins在他出版的畅销书《自私的基因》中提出模因论的基本思想。模因论是基于达尔文进化论的观点来解释文化进化论的新理论。根据模因论的观点,模因是文化信息单位,是文化复制因子,它的核心是模仿。任何一个信息,譬如音乐曲调、思想观念、服装潮流、建筑样式、链式邮件、病毒营销、乐谱、书籍、地图、宗教等,只要它能够通过模仿而被复制和传递,就可以称为模因。自从模因论被引进之后,国内一些学者开始用模因论研究语言现象。把语言和模因结合起来是语言学研究的新领域。语言模因论揭示了语言复制和传播的特点和规律。在语言交际中,语言选择和使用的过程就是语言模因相互竞争、复制和传播的过程。语言模因的复制和传播方式有基因型即“内容相同形式各异”和表现型即“形式相同内容各异”。模因在复制和传递过程中要经历四个阶段：同化、记忆、表达和传播。模因在各个阶段中受模因选择机制的制约,只有符合选择机制的模因才能不断自我复制和传播。模仿是人类从小就有的天性。这一特征反映到修辞中,其具体的一种表现就是语言中仿拟修辞格的运用。在汉语修辞格发展的过程中,仿拟是一个古老而又年轻的辞格。说它古老是因为这种修辞现象早在先秦两汉时期就已经出现。说它年轻是因为直到1932年陈望道在《修辞学发凡》中首次提出“仿拟”这一名称。对于汉语仿拟修辞格的研究,国内有关学者主要从修辞学、美学、认知语言学、心里学和语用学等相关理论进行探讨。运用模因论这一新理论来研究仿拟修辞格几乎没有。因此,本文尝试运用语言模因论来研究仿拟修辞格的生成机制和传播过程。本研究提出以下问题：1、仿拟修辞格的生成机制是什么?2、仿拟修辞格在复制和传播过程中是否与模因复制和传播的四个阶段相一致?3、仿拟修辞格在复制和传播过程中是否像模因复制和传播一样存在优胜劣汰的原则,即受到模因选择机制的制约?通过本文研究,初步得出以下结论：1、仿拟修辞格的生成机制遵循语言模因的表现型而不是基因型。2、仿拟修辞格在复制和传播过程中与模因复制和传播的四个阶段相一致,即经过本体同化、本体记忆、仿体表达和仿体传播。3、仿拟修辞格的复制和传播在经历四个阶段时受到模因选择机制的制约,即受到客体标准、主体标准和主客体标准的制约本研究是运用模因论来研究汉语仿拟修辞格生成和传播的初步尝试。模因论为仿拟这一修辞格的研究提供了一个崭新的视角,具有理论意义和实践价值。首先,本研究有助于模因论的理解,扩大模因论在汉语语言的研究范围。其次,本研究有助于为仿拟修辞格的研究提供新的认识,通过模因的复制与传播,对现有的词语不断进行模仿,扩大了语言的内涵,丰富了语言的表达方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theory of memetics is first proposed by Richard Dawkins, a British ethologist and evolutionary biologist in Oxford University, in his best seller book The Selfish Gene in 1976. Based on Darwinian evolutionism, memetics tries to elaborate the cultural evolutionism. According to memetics, meme is the unit of cultural information or the replicator of culture, whose core is imitation. Any information unit such as music, melody, idea, thought, clothes, fashion, building, chain letter, virus marketing, book, map and religion can be called a meme as long as it is capable of replicating and spreading by imitation.Since the introduction of memetics into China, some domestic scholars have applied the theory into language phenomena, which is a relative new research field. The language meme explains the features and rules of language replication and transmission. During verbal communication, the selection and use of language is the process of the competing, replicating and spreading of language memes. The replication and transmission of language memes have two ways:one is genotype referring to "the same contents but different forms"; the other is phenotype referring to "the same forms but different contents". During replication and transmission, a meme goes through four stages:assimilation, retention, expressivity and transmission. During the four stages, the meme depends on several selection criteria. Those of which are in accordance with the selection criteria can better replicate and spread themselves.Human beings are born with imitation. This ability as reflected in language is one of the applications of rhetoric, that is, parody. During the development of Chinese rhetoric, parody is an old but new figure of speech. It is old because it can be traced back to Qing Dynasty and Han Dynasty. It is new, however, denoting that it had not acquired the term "fang ni" (parody) until it was fist propose by Chen Wangdao in his book An Introduction to Rhetoric in 1932. As for the studies of Chinese parody, domestic scholars have mainly explored it from the perspectives of rhetoric, aesthetics, cognitive linguistics, psychological and pragmatics. However, few of them have applied memetics into the studies of parody. Therefore, the present study attempts to use memetics to research the generative mechanism and transmission process of parody.This study puts forward the following three questions.1. What is the generative mechanism of parody?2. Does the replication and transmission of parody follow the four stages of replication and transmission of meme?3. Is the replication and transmission of parody dependent on the selection criteria?Through the memetic studies of parody, this study draws several conclusions as follows.1. The generative mechanism of parody follows the phenotype but not the genotype;2. The replication and transmission of parody is in accordance with the four stages of meme replication and transmission. It goes through noumenon assimilation, noumenon retention, profile model expressivity and profile model transmission.3. The replication and transmission of parody relies on the selection criteria, namely, objective criteria, subjective criteria and intersubjective criteria.On the basis of memetics, the present study makes a tentative study of the generation and transmission of parody. The memetic theory provides the study of parody with a new perspective both theoretically and practically. First, the present study contributes to the understanding of memetics which also expands its research fields. Second, it sheds new light on the study of parody, which, by means of replicating and transmitting, makes use of language more expressive.更多还原