【作者】 刘佳；

【导师】 沈桥林；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 法学理论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 欧洲三十年战争后签署的《威斯特伐利亚和约》(The Peace Treaty of Westphalia)令欧洲社会衍生了建立平等主权国家的社会土壤。在由博丹正式提出国家主权概念后,国家主权就一直伴随着近现代国家和国际法的发展,并成为许多现代国际法理论的基础。本文利用历史研究和对比研究的方法,并借助相关国际惯例、法律法规来论证新时代要坚持相对的、平等的国家主权观。除引言及结语外,本文共分为四章。第一章对国家主权进行了概述,包括国家主权的涵义、特征、分类以及近代国家主权理论的产生和发展。对于国家主权的涵义,本文列举了各国学者在不同时期、不同社会背景下形成的各不相同的观点,并总结出其中的共通性——对内最高性和对外独立性。鉴于国际社会对于主权的内涵尚未形成一致的看法,为了更好地了解国家主权,本章探讨了国家主权的五个特征及八大分类。在近代国家主权理论的产生和发展部分,文章以时间为主线,简述了国家主权理论的萌芽以及近代国家主权理论的产生和发展。第二章从国际法学理的角度对国家主权学说进行了梳理。包括自然法学派中维多利亚和普芬多夫的观点;实在法学派中宾克舒克和奥本海的观点;格老秀斯派中格老秀斯和瓦特尔的观点;新自然法学派中狄骥、波利蒂斯、赛尔和凯尔森的观点,以及新实在法学派中的权力政治学说和政策定向学说。最终得出结论,主权主权是国家固有的属性,是发展的概念,是与历史和国家的演变相对应的。第三章介绍了现代国家主权理论的发展趋势,以社会主义国家和资本主义国家为例,分别阐述了两大意识形态国家所持有的不同的国家主权观念,及其原因和现实意义。第四章阐述了新时代的国家主权观念——相对的、平等的主权观。本章首先从理论和现实的角度来论述相对主权观的必要性和现实性。理论方面主要是包括条约、习惯和一般法律原则在内的传统国际法对国家主权的限制;现实方面主要包括对国家领土管辖权和国家管辖权的限制。针对当今国际社会组织化趋势的加强,本章着重以联合国柬埔寨维和行动、前南斯拉夫解体事件和世界贸易组织为例,论证了国际组织对传统国家主权的限制和影响。本章第二部分从平等的角度证成新时代的国家主权观,阐述了国家主权平等的发展脉络,并以“新干涉主义”为例,说明此一学说对国家主权平等的侵害。结语部分着重强调了新时代全球化大背景下,各国必须坚持相对的、平等的主权观。更多还原

【Abstract】 After Thirty-Year War, the European States signed The Peace Treaty of Westphalia, which provided social soil for the existence of equal state sovereignty. Since Bodin officially putted forward the concept of State Sovereignty, it has been developing with the progress of states and international laws and becoming the foundation of many international law theories. This paper applies historical method as well as comparative research method and makes use of relative international customs as well as international statutes to prove the significance of insisting relative and equal state sovereignty. Except the foreword and conclusion part, the paper can be divided into four chapters.The first chapter generally explores the concept of state sovereignty including the appearance, development, character as well as the classification of state sovereignty. In order to elaborate the appearance and the development of state sovereignty, this paper follows the timeline to explain the sprout of state sovereignty and the appearance as well as the development of modern state sovereignty. Referring to the concept of state sovereignty, this paper lists different ideas held by different scholars from different countries in different background and draws the conclusion that there are two characters in state sovereignty—supremacy and independency. In consideration of the fact that international society has not gained consistent view about the concept of state sovereignty, this paper states five main characters and eight classifications of it.The second chapter combs the theories of state sovereignty in the aspect of international law theories including the school of Natural Law, Alan Show si sent, Positive Law, New Natural Law and New Positive Law. In Natural Law School this paper enumerates the ideas held by Victoria and Pufendorf; in Positive Law School this paper enumerates the ideas held by Cornelis Bynkershoek and Oppenheim; in Alan Show si sent this paper enumerates the ideas held by Hugo Grotius and Emerich de Vattel; in New Natural Law School this paper enumerates the ideas held by Leon Duguit、Nicolas Politis and Hans Kelsen; in New Positive Law school this paper enumerates the ideas held by Haas Morgan cable and Housman. At the end of this part, it comes to a conclusion that state sovereignty is the essential character of states and the concept of state sovereignty is a developing concept which should be corresponded to the international background.The Third chapter introduces the development tendency of state sovereignty theory and takes socialist states as well as capitalistic states as example to explain the reasons and meanings why did they apply different state sovereignty theories.The Fourth chapter deduces the current state sovereignty should be the relative and equal state sovereignty. Firstly, this chapter proves the necessity and reality of relative state sovereignty from the angle of theory and reality. From the theoretic aspects this paper mainly introduces the restrictions on state sovereignty stem from treaties, customs and general principles of law. From the realistic aspects this paper mainly presents the restriction on countries territorial jurisdiction and judicial jurisdiction. Under the background of the expanding of organizations, this paper demonstrates the restrictions and influences made by international organizations by taking UN and WTO as example. The second part of this chapter demonstrates the importance of equal state sovereignty from the aspect of equality by taking“new interference theory”as example.The conclusion emphasizes the importance of applying the relative and equal state sovereignty in the globalization background.更多还原