【作者】 王健；

【导师】 高勤峰；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 渔业， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 海蜇（Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye）隶属于腔肠动物门（Coelentera）、钵水母纲（Scyphozoa）、根口水母目（Rhizostomeae）、根口水母科（Rhizostomatidae）、海蜇属（Rhopilema）,由于其生长快、养殖成本低、市场销路好、经济效益高、风险小等特点而成为发展水产养殖业的热点。但是在海蜇的大规模高密度养殖过程中,海蜇的排泄、摄食等生理活动以及投饵、施肥等生产活动对生态环境产生了一系列问题。海水养殖对养殖环境的影响在其他种类中已有大量研究,由于海蜇养殖开展时间不长,所以尚未见相关的研究报道。本研究于2010年4月-2010年11月在山东荣成好当家集团靖海湾大面积海蜇养殖池塘内进行,采用Before-After-Control-Impact （BACI）的实验设计,通过对养殖池塘和非养殖池塘在海蜇养殖期间和养殖前后水体、底泥和沉降物三者相关指标（主要包括DO、NH₄-N、NO₃-N、Chl a、SR以及TOM）的测定与分析比较,研究了海蜇养殖对养殖池塘环境的影响,结果表明:1、在7月份海蜇养殖期间,养殖区域的下层水体溶解氧含量显著高于非养殖区域的溶解氧含量,而养殖区域的表、中层水体溶解氧含量与非养殖区域相应水层之间的溶解氧含量差异均不显著;养殖区域水体表、中层的Chl a含量均显著高于非养殖区域相应水层的Chl a含量,而养殖区域水体底层Chl a的含量显著低于非养殖区域;养殖区域各层的NH₄-N含量均显著高于非养殖区域的NH₄-N含量;养殖区域中层的NO₃-N的含量显著低于非养殖区域的NO₃-N的含量,而养殖区域水体底层的NO₃-N含量显著高于非养殖区域底层NO₃-N的含量。2、海蜇养殖期间,养殖区域的底泥中的NH₄-N、NO₃-N含量均显著高于非养殖区域;而养殖区域底泥中的Chl a和TOM含量显著低于非养殖区域。3、实验期间,养殖区域沉降物的沉降速率SR及NH₄-N含量均显著高于非养殖区域;非养殖区域的Chl a含量和TOM含量均显著高于养殖区域。除以上研究外,作者对海蜇和刺参苗种生产的主要过程和关键技术进行了实习,并总结分析附后。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye belongs to Coelentera, Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Rhizostomatidae, Rhopilema. Jellyfish has become a popular industry of aquaculture industry because of its fast growth, low cost of production, huge market, high economic benefit and small risk, etc. In the process of jellyfish high-density culture, the physiological and procreative activities including the excretion and feeding of jellyfish result in a series of problems to the ecological environment. Though research on the effects of sea-water aquculture on culture to the environment has been done in other types, litter related research has been reported in jellyfish as the research on jellyfish has just been done.This experiment was carried out in the farming ponds of jellyfish in JingHai Bay between April 2010 and November 2010.Using BACI experimental design, by comparing the indicators of aquatic water, sediment and seston （including DO、NH₄-N、NO₃-N、Chl a、SR and TOM） between culture pond and non-culture pond during this time, the effect of jellyfish culture to the culture environment can be studied.The main results are summarized as follows:①In July 2010, when the jellyfish were intensively cultured. The DO content of the bottom aquatic water in culture areas was significantly higher than in non-culture areas, while the difference of the DO content of surface and middle-level aquatic water between the culture areas and the non-culture areas was not significant. The Chl a content of the surface and middle-level aquatic water was significantly higher than that in the non-culture areas, while the Chl a content of bottom aquatic water in culture areas was significantly lower than that in non-culture areas. The NH₄-N content of each aqutic water layer in the culture areas was significantly higher than that in the non-culture. The NO₃-N content of the middle-level aqutic water in the culture areas was significantly lower than that in the non-culture, while its content of the bottom aquatic water in the culture areas was significantly higher than that in the non-culture areas.②During the jellyfish culture, both the NH₄-N and NO₃-N content of the sediment in the culture areas were significantly higher than those in the non-culture, while the Chl a and TOM content of the sediment in culture areas were significantly lower than those in the non-culture areas.③During the experiment, both the SR and NH₄-N content of the seston in culture areas were significantly higher than those in the non-culture, while the Chl a and TOM content of the seston in non-culture areas were significantly higher than those in the culture areas.更多还原