【作者】 赵芳；

【导师】 刘玉平；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 马克思主义发展史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 马克思主义是科学的世界观和方法论,是无产阶级和人民群众认识世界和改造世界的思想武器,是人类宝贵的精神财富。马克思主义中国化是指马克思主义理论同中国实际相结合的过程,在这个过程中,一方面运用马克思主义理论解决中国社会问题和矛盾,另一方面是马克思主义理论自身的完善、发展,并且形成了中国化的马克思主义理论成果。党的十七大提出了推动马克思主义中国化和发展中国特色社会主义的任务,如何更好地在中国传播和发展马克思主义成为一个热门课题。但是马克思主义在中国本土传播和发展的过程中也存在着许多问题,比如：容易犯教条主义和经验主义的错误；理论研究缺乏深厚的学理依据和通俗化的解读；在传播方法方面可行性欠缺；理论与人民群众的现实需要和利益需求相脱节等等,这些都是中国共产党与理论工作者们需要努力的地方。马克思主义中国化的过程中,涌现出许多杰出的理论工作者及其代表作品,他们吸取前人的经验,开拓新的道路,在马克思主义中国化的道路上越走越开阔,做出重要贡献。艾思奇就是其中的卓越代表。艾思奇,原名李生萱,是我国著名的马克思主义哲学家,党的理论战线上的忠诚战士,是毕生致力于推动马克思主义中国化和大众化的先驱。在二十世纪三十年代,24岁的艾思奇在上海工作期间写作了《大众哲学》,这本书产生了深远的影响,开启了马克思主义哲学通俗化和大众化的先河,也是马克思主义哲学中国化的成功探索,被称为马克思主义中国化的开端和基础。《大众哲学》原名《哲学讲话》,写成于1934—1935年,在1936年正式发表时改名为《大众哲学》,至今已经有七十多年的历史。对此,毛泽东、蒋介石等名人,众多的国内外学者和人民群众对此书的评论颇多,艾思奇自身也作过评价。《大众哲学》和艾思奇是紧密联系在一起的,《大众哲学》奠定了艾思奇的历史地位,艾思奇因此被称为“大众哲人”、“人民的哲学家”。后人为了纪念艾思奇及其《大众哲学》,多次举办了有关于两者的学术会议和研究论坛。艾思奇较早地提出了马克思主义哲学中国化的口号,他信仰马克思说的“哲学家们只是解释世界,而问题在于改变世界”；《大众哲学》所具有的历史作用和贡献很好地体现了这一点。《大众哲学》是较早地介绍马克思主义哲学的著作,是本马克思主义哲学的入门书,其通俗易懂的语言、生动活泼的形式受到人民大众的欢迎,开辟了一条马克思主义哲学通俗化、大众化道路,对马克思主义现实化和中国化进行了初步探索,对早期的马克思主义中国化做出了贡献。毛泽东读了《大众哲学》后,在写作自己的作品时也借鉴了“大众化的形式”,吸取其理论精华。《大众哲学》所体现的哲学与生活、群众相结合,理论联系实际的精神,以及进行理论创新的勇气,对于我们当今推动马克思主义中国化事业都具有重要启示。《大众哲学》不仅是推动了马克思主义哲学在中国的传播和发展,而且指引着一批中国青年走向了革命道路,对于中国革命事业也做出了贡献。当然,《大众哲学》是艾思奇早期的作品,受历史条件的限制存在着缺点和不足之处,艾思奇是一个很谦虚的学者,坦率地接受广大读者的建议,该书经过多次改版,修改不足之处,以适应时代的需要。白璧微瑕,瑕不掩瑜。《大众哲学》是体现马克思主义通俗化、大众化、现实化和中国化的典型作品。马克思主义的通俗化、大众化、现实化和中国化是紧密联系在一起的,当今我们推动马克思主义在中国的传播和发展,需要学习和借鉴《大众哲学》开辟的马克思主义理论通俗化、大众化通向中国化的道路。社会存在决定社会意识,社会意识对于社会存在具有反作用。马克思主义属于思想上层建筑,研究的马克思主义理论通俗化、大众化问题,对于推动马克思主义中国化的发展,更好地指导党领导人民群众发展中国特色的社会主义事业,最终为实现中华民族的伟大复兴而努力奋斗,具有深远的历史意义和重要的现实意义。当今我们推动马克思主义中国化的事业,需要借鉴《大众哲学》的方法,学习《大众哲学》的成功经验,广大理论工作者要学习艾思奇精神,使马克思主义充满生命力,更好地指导中国特色社会主义的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marxism is scientific theory of world’s view and scientific methodology, is the ideological weapon which can guide the proletariat and the people-masses to recognize and change the world, and is mankind’s precious spiritual wealth. Marxism Chinese-characterization is a course of integrating Marxism with Chinese practice, in this course:on one hand, we can apply Marxism to resolve Chinese social problems and contradictions; on the other hand, promote the theory to perfect and develop itself, and Marxism in China has formed theoretical achievements of Chinese-characteristics Marxism.At the 17th CCP Congress has putted forward the task of promoting Marxism Chinese-characterization and developing the Chinese Characteristic socialism, the problem, how to better spread and develop Marxism in China, turned into a popular task. But in the process of spreading and developing Marxism in Chinese mainland has many problems, such as it is easy to make the error of doctrinarism and empiricism; the study of theory lack of scientific principle foundation and popularization of explaining; in the aspect of spreading methods lacks of feasibility; theory is out line with demos-masses’ need of reality and interest requirements and so on, these problems are the aspect that the CCP and theoretical workers need to makes great efforts on.There are many theoretical workers and their representative works have made important contributions to the process of Marxism Chinese-characterization, absorbing predecessors’experiences so that we can break new roads, and going more profound in the process of Marxism Chinese-characterization. Ai Siqi is one of the outstanding representatives.Ai Siqi, his original name is Li Shengxuan, he is a famous Marxism philosopher in our country, loyal soldier on our Party’s theoretical battlefront, and as a pioneer who committed himself to promote Marxist philosophy Chinese-characterization and popularization. In the 1930s, when Ai Siqi was 24 age, he wrote his works named Popular Philosophy during he worked in Shanghai, this book has produced profound influence, it opened the beginning of Marxist philosophy Chinese-characterization and popularization, it is also the successive probe of Marxist philosophy Chinese-characterization, called that the beginning and foundation in the side of Marxism Chinese-characterization. Popular Philosophy, original named Speech on Philosophy, wrote between 1934 and 1935, it had seventy years history up to now. Chairman Mao, Jiang Jieshi, many inner and oversea scholars and demos-masses had commented on this works. Descendants hold many academic conferences and forums of study in order to commemorate Ai Siqi and his works Popular Philosophy, Popular Philosophy contacted tightly with Ai Siqi, this works established the author’s historical status, Ai Siqi was called’Popular Philosopher’or’Demotic philosopher’.Ai Siqi putted forward the slogan’Marxism Chinese-characterization quite early, he believe in the words which Marx said:"Philosopher only explain the world, but the issue is to change the world", which reflected well in the historical function and contribution of Popular Philosophy. Popular Philosophy, which introduced Marxist philosophy quite early, is a hornbook in the side of Marxist philosophy, it is easy to understand its sentences, its form quite lively, as a result of this style, this book gets the people’s welcome, and it initiated the way of Marxist philosophy’s popularization, advanced the initial probe of Marxist actualization and Chinese-characterization, in this way, it makes important contributions to Marxism Chinese-characterization. After Chairman Mao read Popular Philosophy, he absorbed the experience of’the form of popular’in his later works, and absorbed the theoretical cream. Popular Philosophy makes important enlightenment for us to promote the career of Marxism Chinese-characterization, because it incarnates the spirit of combining the philosophy with life and the people, and embodies the courage to make the theoretical innovation. Popular Philosophy not only promoted the Marxist philosophy spread and develop in China, but also directed a set of Chinese youth who choice the way to revolution, so it also made contributions to the career of Chinese revolution. Of course, Popular Philosophy belongs to one of Ai Siqi’s early productions, it has some flaws and shortages as a result of limits in of historical conditions, while Ai Siqi is a very unassertive scholar, he bluntly accepted the vast of readers’advices and amend the shortages, this book has revised many times, in order to adapted to the needs of the era’s developments. The wide jade has a little flaw, but a little flaw can not hide the fine jade. Popular Philosophy is a typical works which incarnates popularization, popular, actualization and Chinese-characterization of Marxism, and Marxist popularization, popular, actualization and Chinese-characterization relate tightly with each other, so in the present age we want to better spread and popularize Marxism in China, should learn the way which from Marxist popularization and popular to Marxism Chinese-characterization, this way is created by Popular Philosophy.The social exist determines the social consciousness, social consciousness has reactions as for the social exist. Marxism belongs to the ideological superstructure, researching Marxism Chinese-characterization and popularization, have profounding historical significance and important practical significance. In this way, it can promot the development of Marxism Chinese-characterization, so Marxism could better guide the Party and people to develop Chinese Characteristic Socialism, and then we make great efforts to fight for the realizing the great revive of our Chinese nation. Nowadays it is a task for us to promote the process of Marxism Chinese-characterization, and it is important that we need to learn the method of Popular Philosophy, absorb its successful experiences, and our numerous theoretical workers need to learn the spirit of Ai Siqi, as a result, Marxism could full of vitality, also Marxism better guides the development of our Chinese Characteristic Socialism society.更多还原