【作者】 张良；

【导师】 黄士元；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国媒体相继报道了几起重大的冤假错案,例如佘祥林案件、赵作海案件等,在社会上产生了很大的反响,法学界关于刑事错案的产生原因、刑事错案的纠正等问题进行深入的讨论和研究,本文主要探讨完善我国的刑事错案纠正制度。本文运用模式分析方法,分析中西方国家各种错案纠正模式的优缺点,寻找和建立一种有效的刑事错案纠正制度。笔者在文章第一部分总结西方国家的刑事错案纠正模式,将其总结为三种模式即：诉权救济模式、权力机关监督模式和民间组织推动模式。诉权救济模式是法律赋予控辩双方平等的再审诉权,在一个平等的平台上由控辩双方就案件向法院提起再审,从而纠正刑事错案的一种模式。权力机关监督模式是利用检察机关、行政机关和独立的案件审查委员会对法院和法院的生效裁判进行监督的一种模式。在该模式中,笔者选取英国的刑事案件审查委员会制度和法国、日本的检察机关的监督为范例,详细阐述权力机关监督模式如何纠正刑事错案的。在民间组织推动模式中,本文选取美国的无辜者计划为代表详细阐述了该模式在纠正刑事错案中的作用。美国的无辜者计划是大学的法学院教授带领学生接受自称无辜的人的案件申请进行调查,并对无辜者进行援助的组织。这种模式独立性和抗干扰能力强,在纠正刑事错案中起到一定作用。本文的第二部分,笔者将我国的错案纠正模式概括为审判监督模式,即监督法院及法院生效判决的模式。本文将该模式分为两个部分,一是法院的内部监督,二是外部监督。内部监督是法院系统内部的监督,包括：最高人民法院对下级法院的监督、上级法院对下级法院的监督和本级审判委员会的监督。外部监督主要包括政法委的监督、检察院的监督、人大的监督、信访监督等。本文例举了我国错案纠正制度存在的问题例如：法院内部监督中,再审程序被随意的提起从而损害法院判决的权威性等。本文的第三部分,笔者试图构建我国的刑事错案纠正制度。首先,本文对现阶段的错案追究制度进行完善,统一错案追究制度,防止各地方扩大或者缩小最高人民法院关于错案追究制度的规定。其次,笔者试图在人大之下建立独立地类似英国的刑事案件审查委员会,该委员会由人大产生,对人大负责,但是独立的行使审查案件的活动,不受任何机关的制约,发现存在错案的可能的,有展开独立的调查取证的权力。最后,笔者建议完善我国刑事再审制度。不管何种模式,其最后都要诉诸再审程序中去解决问题,完善再审程序对纠正刑事错案至关重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, China’s media have reported several major case, for example SheXiangLin or ZhaoZuoHai cases, cases, socially produced great repercussions, about criminal law the causes of the crime and criminal crime problems such as the correct in-depth discussion and research, this paper mainly discusses the perfection of our criminal crime correcting system.This paper USES mode analysis method and western countries, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various crime correct mode, seeking and establish an effective criminal crime correct system. The author summarized in the first part of western country criminal crime correct mode, will its summed up as three patterns i.e.:litigation relief mode, and the legislative supervision mode and folk organizations to promote the mode. Litigation relief mode is both of the accused and the defendant to legal right to equality retrial in an equal platform by both of the accused and the defendant in a case to court for retrial, which are able to correct a pattern of criminal crime. Authorities supervision mode is using the procuratorial organs and administrative organs and independent cases to court and the court review committee of the supervision of effective referee a model. In this model, the author selected the criminal cases review commission of Britain and France, Japan’s system of procuratorial supervision organs for example, detail how superintend authorities the correct criminal crime. In folk organizations to promote the mode, this paper selects the United States represented the innocents plan describes its model role in correcting criminal crime. America’s plan is university law school innocent professor lead students accept claim the innocent case investigation and application of innocents to aid organizations. This model independence and strong anti-jamming capability, criminal crime in correcting plays a role.In the second part, the author summarized the correct model in a crime for the trial surveillance mode, namely the supervision and court and the court effective sentence patterns. This article will this mode is divided into two parts, one is the court’s internal supervision,2 it is external supervision. Internal supervision is the court system internal supervision, including:the supreme people’s court on the lower court supervision, superior court of lower court judicial committee at the corresponding level and supervision of the supervision. External supervision mainly including experience-rich supervision, procuratorate supervision, the NPC’s supervision, the complaint supervision, etc. This paper enumerated crime correct system in China, for example:court problems existing in the internal supervision, retrial procedure was casual mention the authority of court judgment detriment.This paper of the third part, the author tries to build China’s criminal crime correcting system. First, this paper elaborates on the perfect crime, shall be investigated for system for system, prevent crime unified place to enlarge or shrink the supreme people’s court on the provisions of the criminal system crime. Secondly, the author tries to establish the congress independently under British criminal case similar to review committee, the committee of National People’s Congress by the National People’s Congress produced, responsible, but independent examining a case of activities, exercise the unencumbered by any authority restriction, found the crime may develop independent investigation, evidence of power. Finally, the author suggest consummates our country criminal retrial system. Whatever the pattern, its final will resort to a retrial procedure to solve problems, perfect crime in correcting criminal retrial procedure is very important.更多还原