【作者】 高磊；

【导师】 杨光；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 资源型城市,即城市的生产和发展与资源开发有密切关系的城市。这些城市大都以本地区矿产、森林等自然资源开采和初加工为主导产业的城市类型,是国家基础能源和重要原材料的供应地。但在发展的过程中,资源型城市也积累了一些问题和矛盾,比如：综合实力相对较弱、产业结构相对单一、生态环境破坏严重、民生问题十分突出等等,这些问题和矛盾很大程度上制约了资源型城市自身的可持续发展。因此,资源型城市的发展必须进行转型。在资源型城市的转型过程中,由于国家的宏观经济政策直接决定着中国资源型城市的兴衰,所以政府转型是实现资源型城市转型的必然要求；而政府作为决策者和国家利益代表者,又发挥着不可替代的主导作用。政府转型的过程,本身就是政府转变行政观念、重新定位管理职能的过程。就资源型城市的政府转型而言,因为其面对的具体城市发展问题而各有侧重。作为因煤而兴的典型资源型工业城市,枣庄市的发展存在对资源型产业具有高度依赖性、政企不分现象重、城市基础设施建设滞后、产业结构相对单一等问题。特别是进入新世纪以来,经济增长乏力、就业矛盾突出、民生欠账较多、生态环境恶化等,都是枣庄作为资源枯竭型城市很难绕过去的“坎”。由于资源型城市的政府转型目前尚没有可资借鉴的成熟范例,因此,枣庄市的政府转型当前存在着思想障碍、政府行为人治化程度相对较高、政府职能不清、职责不明、政府管理绩效意识相对较差等等问题。而以上这些问题的主要成因便是：枣庄市产业结构和人才结构单一导致发展观念相对封闭；官员的“赶超”压力与“政绩”需求造成了政府人治色彩浓厚；现行领导干部业绩考核制度造成只有了加快经济发展速度完成上级指定的目标任务才是政绩；还有政府作为原有旧制度的供给者,另一方面还是新制度的构建者,所以政府担负的双重角色与转型的特殊任务共同作用,造成要在转型过程中两者兼顾,难度较大。资源型城市转型涉及的领域、环节十分复杂,完成转型要求政府全面履行自己的职能,充当好责任政府、法治政府、服务政府、廉洁政府的角色。就枣庄市的政府转型而言,其基本路径包括：一是提升发展理念,明确转型方向,努力实现由“政府本位”向“公民本位”的理念转变。二是强化政府职能,推动产业转型。充分发挥政府职能作用,引导城市加快接续替代产业的发展,实现产业结构调整。三是转变行政理念,建设服务政府。具体包括强化办事公开,打造阳光政府；明确政府职能,建设责任政府；加强队伍建设,营造服务政府等等。四是注重制度创新,变革行政方式。对资源型城市制度创新而言,一个有效的制度安排一定要和当地的制度环境相匹配,要勇于实践,不断总结提高。制度创新将有利于推动思维方式的变革、价值观念的更新以及经济社会生活诸多方面的变革,并成为技术创新的重要推动因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Resource-based city is a city where the production and development are closely connected to the resource development. The cities, which supply basic energy and important raw materials, mainly rely on local nature resource exploit and pretreating such as mineral and forests. Problems occur during the development of these resource-based cities, for example, weak comprehensive strengh, single industrial structure, ruined ecological environment and serious well-being problems, which badly influences the sustainable development of the resource-based cities. As a result, their development needs transformation.During the transformation, government transformation is an inevitable demand as country’s macro economy policy determines the rise and fall of the resource-based cities; and the government, as the decision maker and the national interest representative, plays a irreplaceable leading role.The process of government transformation is basically the process during which the government changes administration concept and reposition management function. As for the government transformation of resource-based cities, the feature varies according to the specific development situation of different cities.As a typical coal-based industrial city, the development of Zaozhuang has many problems, such as the city highly depend on resource industries, there lack of a clear line between the functions of government and enterprises in the city, the infrastructure construction is lag behind, and it has single industrial structure, etc. After entering 21st century, various problems occur when Zaozhuang become a resource exhausted city:from economy development, employment, well-being problem to ecological environment.As there is no mature successful experience to learn from, the Zaozhuang government transformation has problems such as thought disorder, government action rule by men, government functions and responsibilities are not clear, and weak performance consciousness of government management. The reasons to the problems are:Single industrial and talent structures lead to a close development concept, Official’s performance ranking pressure and political achievement demand leads to a government which ruled by men, the current cadres performance assessment system claims that only speeding up economy development and accomplish the superior goals could get political achievement, and at last, the government plays not only the provider of old system, but also the constructor of new system, which are difficult for the government to give consideration to both of them.The transformation of resource-based city involves complex fields, which requires the government to make full use of its functions as a responsible, law ruled, service-oriented and honest government. As for the tranformation in Zaozhuang, the ways are as follows: firstly, Promote development concept, define transformation direction, to make sure the concept changes from "government standard" to "people standard". Secondly, strenthen government function, push forward industry transfromatio, make full use of government functions, and guide the development the substituted industries to achieve the adjustment of industrial structure. Thirdly, change administraion concept, build a service-oriented government, improve public administration system, difine government functions, strenghten team construction, in order to build a responsibility service-oriented government under the sun. Fourthly, focus on system innovation, change administrative practice. A practical system should match the local system environment, we should have the courage to practise, summarize and improve. System innovation could help the change in mind, values and many areas in economical and social life, and become critical push factor for technological innovation.更多还原