【作者】 李杰；

【导师】 徐良梅；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 补益类中草药能增强动物免疫机能、改善动物产品品质,抗菌促生长,且来源广泛、价格低廉、安全方便、无毒副作用、低残留、无抗药性。因此引起国内外学者的广泛兴趣,并成为当前畜牧科研工作者的研发热点。女贞子作为一种有效的商品饲料添加剂,对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、抗氧化指标及免疫指标等有较明显的影响,但对于不同地区、不同部位、不同提取或炮制法女贞子中有效成分的含量不同。本试验是在本课题组前期试验基础上,通过添加不同类型(女贞子生品及酒蒸品)、不同剂量女贞子原粉饲喂肉鸡,探讨不同类型的女贞子原粉对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化指标、免疫指标的影响,并探讨女贞子及其炮制品酒蒸女贞子替代抗生素的可行性,并确定最佳添加量,为研制出高效、低毒、低残留中草药添加剂提供理论支持和实践依据。选用1日龄AA肉鸡公雏360羽,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(不添加任何药物),试验组在基础日粮中分别添加5 mg/kg黄霉素,0.5%、1%女贞子原粉,0.5%、1%酒蒸女贞子原粉。试验控制舍内温度、湿度和光照,自由采食和饮水。分别于4、8周测定AA肉鸡的生长性能、抗氧化功能、免疫功能和血液生化的各项指标。试验结果表明:1.饲料中添加女贞子原粉及酒蒸女贞子原粉均可显著提高肉鸡生长后期日增重及料重比(P<0.05)。2.抗氧化功能的结果表明,添加酒蒸女贞子原粉可提高4周肝脏和8周血清T-SOD、CAT、T-AOC活性(P<0.05);1%女贞子、酒蒸女贞子可降低4周和8周血清MDA含量(P<0.05),1%酒蒸女贞子可降低4周肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05);添加酒蒸女贞子可提高8周血清和肝脏GSH-PX活性(P<0.05)。说明女贞子、酒蒸女贞子对肉鸡抗氧化功能均有积极作用。其中,添加1%酒蒸女贞子原粉的效果更佳。3.血液生化指标结果表明,添加1%酒蒸女贞子能显著增加血清中总蛋白(TP)含量(P<0.05)。添加女贞子、酒蒸女贞子能显著降低总胆固醇(TC)含量(P<0.05),并有降低血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)含量及提高碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)的趋势(P>0.05),但差异不显著。本结果提示女贞子及酒蒸女贞子可有效降低肉鸡血清中总胆固醇含量,增强机体对胆固醇的运输能力。4.免疫功能的结果表明,日粮中添加1%酒蒸女贞子原粉能显著提高肉鸡生长前期的胸腺指数、血清C3、C4含量(P<0.05),生长后期法式囊指数、血清溶菌酶含量(P<0.05);添加女贞子、酒蒸女贞子原粉均对血清免疫球蛋白、IL-2含量有提高作用(P<0.05),其中添加1%酒蒸女贞子原粉的效果更好。说明女贞子、酒蒸女贞子均对肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能有积极作用。在促进AA肉鸡生长、增强免疫功能方面,添加1%酒蒸女贞子原粉的效果更佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese herbs could enhance immune function, improve the quality of animal products, and promote growth. Besides that, it also had characteristics of a rich source, low prices, safety and convenience, non-toxic side effect, low-residue and without resistance. Ligustrum lucidum (LL) was an effective feed additive. It had significant impact on broiler growth performance, meat quality, immunity and antioxidant status. But different regions, parts, proceeding methods of LL had significant influence on the main ingredient of LL. The study, based on preliminary studies, was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with two types of LL, LL (raw) and wine steam LL, on antioxidant status, immunity of broilers. Thus, effects of different types of LL on antioxidant status, immunity of broilers were evaluated systematically and the best dosage of LL was identified. All these researches would to provide theoretical and practical basis of developing herbal additives of a high efficiency, low toxicity and residue.Three hundred and sixty one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates consisting of 10 chicks. There was no significant difference in initial weight. Control groups were fed basal diet, experimental groups were given a basal diet supplemented with 5mg/kg flavomycin, 0.5% or 1% LL, 0.5% or 1% wine steam LL. The environment temperature and humidity was controlled, lighting was continuous and water and feed were available. Growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity of broilers were measured on weeks 4 and 8.The results are as followed:1. Compared with the control group, diets supplemented with LL, wind steam LL had significant effects on feed : gain(F/G) and average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.05).2. The results of antioxidant status showed that T-SOD、CAT、T-AOC activity in liver at 4 weeks and in serum at 8 weeks of groups supplemented with wine steam of LL was increased(P<0.05); Serum MDA content of group supplemented with 1% LL and wine steam of LL was decreased at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (P<0.05),and liver MDA content of group supplemented with 1% wine steam of LL was also decreased at 4 weeks,(P<0.05); Meanwhile, wine steam LL had positive effects on the GSH-PX activity of liver and serum at 8 weeks(P<0.05).The results showed that LL and wine steam LL had positive effects on the antioxidant status of AA broilers, especially 1% wine steam LL. 3.The result of serum biochemical parameters showed that TP content in serum of groups supplemented with wine steam of LL was increased (P<0.05). TC content of groups supplemented with LL and wine steam of LL was decreased (P<0.05), ALT, AST and ALP content was decreased, too (P>0.05). The results suggested that LL and wine steam could effectively reduce serum total cholesterol content of broilers, increase the transportation capacity of the body of cholesterol.4. The results of immunity showed that 1% wine steam LL had positive effects on the index of thymus and serum C3, C4 of chickens in the early period (P<0.05), and it also had positive effects on the index of bursa of fabricius and serum lysozyme in the later period (P<0.05); LL and wine steam LL could significantly increase immunoglobulin and IL-2 indicators of chickens (P<0.05), especially 1% wine steam LL. The results showed that LL and wine steam LL had positive effects on the growth performance and the immunization of AA broilers.更多还原