跨国安防企业以削弱牛鞭效应而降低物流成本的研究

【作者】 黄薇；

【导师】 龚益鸣；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 物流工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 跨国安防企业C公司存在销售物流成本居高不下的情况,本文通过对这个案例的解释和分析,指出了企业存在预测不准、系统混乱、运输不妥以及信息脱节等一系列造成高物流成本的问题。文章同时介绍了解决这些问题的方法以及解决过程中所涉及到的与物流相关的概念。文章讲述了客户关系管理和物流的概念以及其间的相互关系,通过对实际案例的分析,阐述了优化客户关系管理以达到降低销售物流成本的目的的可行性。作者在文中提到牛鞭效应是产生该企业一系列问题的本质原因,介绍了牛鞭效应实质是在营销活动中需求变异放大的现象。但是因为牛鞭效应是由供应链的系统和非系统原因造成的,由于供应链存在层级结构和时间延迟等问题,因此无法根本消除牛鞭效应。就此,作者论述了供应商管理库存法和改进物流信息系统法用以缩小牛鞭效应的功能及作用。供应商管理库存,能在供给方和被供给方之间成立,即当供给方实时掌握供给方的需求预测信息和库存状况的条件下,供给方算出适当的供给量并提供给被供给方。这个可以说是狭义的物流,也可称为是防止牛鞭效应的有效管理法之物流信息系统是指通过对于物流活动相关的信息的加工处理来达到对物流、资金流的有效控制和管理,同时为企业从事物流活动提供信息分析和决策支持的人机交互系统。对企业而言,集成化的物流信息能够很大程度上的提高整体工作效率。拥有完善的企业资源规划中的销售模块是企业降低销售物流成本、减少牛鞭效应的有利武器。本文采用实例与理论相结合的方法阐述了客户关系管理和物流管理方法之间的影响和作用。本文的论述对于欲降低销售环节的物流成本的读者有一定的帮助和参考作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis aims to clarify the measures of avoiding Bullwhip effect by means of Vendor-managed Inventory and Logistics information system promotion.In the thesis, the author introduce the methods through explain and analyze the high sales costing happened in a foreign-funded enterprise.Definition of the bullwhip effect:The final customer places an order (whip) and order fluctuations build up upstream the supply chain. The Bullwhip Effect (or Whiplash Effect) is an observed phenomenon in forecast-driven distribution channels. The concept has its roots in J Forrester’s Industrial Dynamics (1961) and thus it is also known as the Forrester Effect. Since the oscillating demand magnification upstream a supply chain reminds someone of a cracking whip it became famous as the Bullwhip Effect. Operational causes of Bullwhip effect occurrence are mostly due to dependent demand processing, Forecast Errors, adjustment of inventory, transaction motive, quantity discount, anticipation of shortages.Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is a family of business models in which the buyer of a product provides certain information to a supplier of that product and the supplier takes full responsibility for maintaining an agreed inventory of the material, usually at the buyer’s consumption location (usually a store). A third-party logistics provider can also be involved to make sure that the buyer has the required level of inventory by adjusting the demand and supply gaps.Of course, ERP is also the most important link of the improvement for companies’supply chain. Integration of logistics information can accelerate the whole efficiency.This thesis can help you to reduce the expenditure and upgrade your competition capability among same-industry companies.更多还原