汽车生产企业中的不固定用量零件的订货研究

【作者】 王翔；

【导师】 傅烨；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 物流工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年国内汽车产业,正处于蓬勃发展快速上升的状态。虽然中国已经成为全球最大的汽车产销市场,但是国内汽车行业竞争十分激烈。特别是随着2008年经济危机的爆发,汽车企业对内部库存的管理的重视正在逐渐加深,尤其是以前库存管理上的一些盲点,都成为了汽车企业眼中重要的“第三利润源”。在整车厂生产所需要的众多零部件中,有一种零部件和螺钉、模块、发动机等零部件有很大的不同,它们没有固定的用量,它们的消耗没有明确的单车用量,这些零件如胶水、粘带,平衡块等零部件。它们仅仅是根据生产实际状况,根据需要随机消耗,它们的消耗受到设备工艺条件影响,操作人员工作习惯影响,生产节拍变化影响,甚至于温度湿度等一些不确定因素的影响。而且这些零件因为很多都是化学品,往往有着保质期规定,因此,往往造成很多零件因过保质期而产生报废。由于这些不固定用量的零件具有需求随机和保质期要求的特性,整车厂在对待这批零件的订货时无法用常规的订货方法处理。它们在E-BOM中没有固定的用量,因而无法参加MRP计算。在库存管理上,因为不区分是实际生产消耗还是过期报废,仅仅是通过盘点来确认库存消耗。可以说这类AR零件是独立于整个正常的物流订货体系,不依靠系统,完全手工、凭借经验来订货和管理的。订货方式的落后和零件的这些特性给企业带来了以下这些管理难点：·不定用量零部件库存高·不定用量零部件报废率高·不定用量零部件影响整车厂生产的风险高·供应链“牛鞭效应”明显本文将以某家知名汽车生产企业为例,深入研究该汽车生产厂过去对国产和进口不固定用量零件的库存记录和订货记录。将不固定用量的零件特性进行分类研究。利用统计学的方法去探索不固定用量零件和整车产量存在的数学关系,并建立相应的数学模型,并重视将优化的数学模型和企业现有的物流系统相结合,探索科学的订货方法,来解决这些用量极不稳定,或存在保质期的零件的订货。来为企业解决不固定用量的零件订货提供解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the domestic auto industry is in a state of development of rapid rise. The domestic auto industry competition is very fierce, though China has become the largest auto production and sales in the global market. In particular, with the economic crisis broke out in 2008, auto enterprise deeply care much about internal inventory management, especially in previously ignored and blind spots, which in the eyes of auto enterprises have became an important Profit.In many parts of the vehicle factory production required, a kind of parts as screw, module, engines are very different from other parts. Consumption of these parts such as glue and adhesive tapes, balancing block components does not define quantity per car. They are assembled at random only based on the practical situation. These parts are influenced by equipment, technology, the operator working habits, temperature and humidity and even on other uncertain factors. Due to many of these parts attribute to chemicals, they usually have a short life cycle.The vehicle plant can’t to order these AR parts by routine because of the characteristic of AR parts, Stochastic Demand and short life cycle. AR parts can’t participate in MRP due to unfixed usage in E-BOM. It can be said that this type of AR parts are independent of the normal order system of logistics. They do not depend on the system entirely by hand, with its experience and order and management.The characteristic of AR parts and obsolete Ordering bring the follow difficulties to enterprises:●High Inventory●High Scrape Rate●High Stock out Risk●Supply Chain Bullwhip EffectI will deeply analysis the AR parts inventory and ordering data of a well-known auto enterprise and study the AR parts by classification in this paper. It is feasible to use statistical methods to probe AR parts and vehicle production in mathematical relationship and established relevant mathematical model. It is important to pay attention to combine optimization of mathematical model and enterprise logistics system in order to capture an AR parts ordering solution for auto enterprise by scientific methods.更多还原