论我国股东以对第三人债权出资之担保制度

【作者】 王晨；

【导师】 王伟；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着债权的财产性质不断强化,其作为股东对公司的出资,在实行资本法定制下的大陆法系国家,也在逐步地放宽。为了保证资本的确定性,保护公司债权人的利益,股东以对第三人债权出资,必须对出资债权的实现承担担保责任。我国在《公司法》(2005)中虽并未明确规定债权可以作为股东对公司的出资,但是也没有明令禁止。2009年公司法解释三征求意见稿中,首次提出了与股东以债权出资有关的担保制度。股东以对第三人债权出资担保制度的提出,引起了广泛热议。但是应当看到的是在2011年正式颁布的公司法解释三中并没有股东以第三人债权出资的内容。虽然如此,对于股东以第三人债权出资的担保制度的研究却仍然有很重要的意义。笔者以中国公司法解释三征求意见稿所提内容为视角,通过借鉴其它大陆法系国家对担保制度的相关规定,试图拉开对以第三人债权出资之担保制度的讨论,并结合现今我国债转股的一些具体规定,来充实这些设计。本论文主要围绕三部分的内容进行展开：债权出资的特性、股东债权出资担保制度的理论依据和股东债权出资担保制度的设计。笔者从介绍债权出资在世界范围的基本现状出发,进而分析债权出资的三大特征并着重分析了债权出资的可行性、债权之请求权性质、债权内容的意定性和债权之非公开性的特征,决定了债权出资具有不安全的弊端。一方面为了给予投资者以更多的投资方式的选择,另一方面要确保资本的确定性和真实性,故股东以对第三人债权出资必须提供担保,担保债权的实现,以保护债权人的利益。笔者通过对大陆法系的一些国家对股东债权出资担保法律制度的分析,总结出股东以债权出资担保制度两个层面的内容,即债权瑕疵担保制度和债权实现担保制度。最后笔者对我国已有的关于股东债权出资担保制度的一些提法的缺陷进行详细分析,其缺陷一方面在于规定过于原则,在公司实务中难以操作,另一方面在于对担保制度的规定较为模糊,并没有明确分清两种不同的担保形式,或是明确其所指的是哪一层面的担保。笔者针对已有制度中的缺陷,结合德国、意大利等国家的有关规定,分别从债权瑕疵担保制度和债权实现担保制度两个层面进行论述我国股东以第三人债权出资担保制度的构建,并表达了自己的一个思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With creditor’s rights whose property’s character is constantly strengthened, creditor’s rights as a shareholder contribution to the company also in gradually eased in the civil law countries where execute capital legal system. In order to ensure the certainty of capital and protect the interests of the creditor, the shareholder,who contribute credior’ right to the company as a third party, must be liable to guarantee the realization of the credior’ right. In the Chinese "Company Law" (2005),which though not stipulates clearly that creditor’s rights can as shareholders of the company make conrribution to the company in the form of crditor’ right, but also there is no ban.The Interpretation of Company Law(2009)’s drafts, which put forward first time in the contributive relevant creditor shareholders guarantee system. Shareholders as a third party guaranteeing creditor’s rights to the comany, which was resulted in widespread comment. But there are no provisions about capital contribution with creditor’s rights of a third party in 2011 official promulgation of Company Law.Even so, the researches of guarantee system still have very important significance. The author explains three Chinese company law draft version from the perspective of proposed method, through using other civil law system countries’ relevant provisions on guaranty system and trying to discuss the creditor’s as a third party aguarantee system of capital contribution, and combined with some of the current debt-to-equity specific provision, to enrich the design. This thesis is mainly around three sections, the characteristics of Credit Subscribed Capital, the basis theory about shareholders’ guarantee system of Credit Subscribed Capital and the design about shareholders’ guarantee system of Credit Subscribed Capital. The author introduces in the form of creditor’s rights from the worldwide basic present situation, then analyzes the three characteristics of Credit Subscribed Capital, in particular the feasibility of Credit Subscribed Capital, the right of claim to the creditor’s right, the characterization of creditor’s rights and non-openness of creditor’rights, that determines disadvantages of Credit Subscribed Capital. That means:On the one side give investors with more investment choices;on the other side, we should ensure the capital’s definiteness and authenticity. For that the shareholder must provide guaranty of Credit Subscribed Capital in order to the realize the creditor’s rights,that protect the interest of creditor. The author analyses some civil law system countries where shareholders guarantee Credit Subscribed Capital System, summarizes two levels of content about the shareholders guarantee Credit Subscribed Capital System. One is the guarantee of defect creditor’s rights and the guarantee system of realize creditor’s right. Finally the author analyses some shareholders guarantee Credit Subscribed Capital System which has been put forwarded in China, one of the defect is excessive principle, which practicing in the company regulations is too difficult;the other is no clear distinguish of the two kinds of different guarantee form, or clear and definite which content of guarantee, the author contraposes the existing system, combining with Germany, Italy and other countries concerned regulation, separately from the guarantee of defect creditor’s rights and guarantee of realize creditor’s rights system, discusses the construction of Chinese shareholders as a third party guarantee Credit Subscribed Capital System.更多还原