【作者】 李宁；

【导师】 章莉娟；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 化学工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 超声波组罐式提取技术结合超声波提取技术和组罐式逆流提取的特点,是一种新型的中药提取技术。本文以白芷作为研究对象,以高效液相色谱作为分析手段,以欧前胡素和异欧前胡素作为检测指标,分别对白芷的超声波提取和超声波组罐式提取过程进行研究。在超声波提取白芷实验过程中分别考察了超声波强度、乙醇浓度、溶剂倍量、提取温度、提取时间、药材粒度等对欧前胡素和异欧前胡素提取得率的影响。设计三因素三水平正交实验优化最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%,溶剂倍量14倍,提取时间20min。在此基础之上,对白芷进行超声波组罐式提取,建立三罐超声波组罐式提取三水平三因素正交实验,优化条件为：单罐乙醇浓度60%,提取时间15min,溶剂倍量6倍。以Fick扩散第一定律为基础,建立了中药材提取过程的动力学方程模型。以白芷为研究对象,以欧前胡素和异欧前胡素为检测指标,分别对欧前胡素和异欧前胡素在浸提提取和超声提取过程中速率常数k、热力学函数ΔH°,AS°和ΔG°值进行计算。实验结果表明,与浸提提取方法相比,超声波在提取过程中产生的空化效应可大大提高中药材提取效率,降低提取所需温度,缩短提取时间,提高中药材的合理利用度。在所建立的中药材提取动力学模型的基础上,对三罐超声波组罐式提取白芷有效成分动力学进行研究,给出三罐超声波组罐式提取过程中各个提取罐之间提取得率与提取时间之间的关系。对不同提取方法提取后的白芷结构进行扫描电镜检测,探讨了超声波强化作用在提取过程中对白芷结构的影响。与浸提提取方法相比,超声波在液体中产生的空化作用随着瞬间产生的高压力差和机械剪切力,加速白芷结构的破坏,进而加速有效成分扩散至提取溶液中。超声波组罐式提取技术具有提取效率高、时间短、所需溶剂用量少和温度低等特点,是一种新型的中药提取技术,具有广泛的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ultrasonic assisted multistage continuous countercurrent extraction technology (UMCE) is a novel extraction method for Chinese traditional medicine, which integrates characteristics of ultrasonic assisted extraction and multistage continuous countercurrent extraction. Ultrasonic assisted extraction and ultrasonic assisted multistage countercurrent extraction of imperatorin and isoimperatorin from Angelica dahurica were developed in this paper. The effects of ultrasonic power, ethanol concentration, ratio of liquid to solid, extraction temperature, extraction time, and medicinal material granularity on the extraction yields of imperatorin and isoimperatorin from Angelica dahurica were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions were achieved using orthogonal array experimental design technique. The optimal conditions of ultrasonic assisted extraction are as follows:ethanol concentration is 60%, ratio of liquid to solid is 14 ml-g-1, and extraction time is 20min. The optimal conditions of three-stage UMCE are as follows:ethanol concentration is 60%, extraction time is 15min, and ratio of liquid to solid is 6 ml/g.According to the Fick’s first law;. a kinetic model of ultrasonic extracting effective components from Chinese herb is presented. The experiments of extracting imperatorin and iscinperatorin from Angelica dahurica under different extraction methods are performed. The modified model fits the experiment data well and can provide a theoretical reference for the extraction of Chinese traditional medicine. Based on the dynamic model, different thermodynamic parametersΔH°,ΔS°andΔG°in different extraction methods were also investigated.The various extraction methods produced distinguishable physical changes in Angelica dahurica. Compared to solvent extraction, ultrasonic assisted extraction reduces extraction time and obtains higher product recovery. The effect of ultrasonic on cell destruction of plant material was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM indicated that ultrasonic wave treatment affects the structure of Angelica dahurica cell due to the sudden temperature rising and the internal pressure increasing. During the rupture process, the major chemical substances within the cell could diffuse into the surrounding solvents rapidly.Compared to the previous extraction methods, the UMCE has several advantages, such as shortening extraction time, low energy consumption, and so on. The UMCE extraction process is easily industrialized and has a wide application prospect.更多还原