【作者】 高婷；

【导师】 田伟平；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国公路建设步伐的加快和等级的提高,公路洪水灾害造成的经济损失也呈逐年增加的趋势。公路洪水灾害具有自然属性和社会属性,灾害防治工作不仅是技术问题,也是管理问题。对公路洪水灾害的应急管理进行研究,提出一整套科学、有效、全面、经济合理的公路洪水灾害应急管理体系,对于提高我国公路抗灾能力、充分保障公路基础设施的完好和公路交通运输的畅通,减小因公路灾害造成的经济损失和社会影响,具有极其重要的现实意义。本文在广泛收集整理相关文献资料的基础上,首先总结归纳了公路洪水灾害的主要类型及其危害,并且针对坡面冲刷、沿河路基水毁、小桥涵及排水沟渠破坏三种常见公路洪水灾害分析了水毁原因、破坏形态。为公路洪水灾害应急管理的研究打下基础。其次,对应急管理的现状、发展阶段、特征原则等进行详细阐述,并对现有理论进行归纳整理,将其应用到公路洪水灾害的管理中来。然后,根据全过程风险管理,把公路洪水灾害的应急管理分为：备灾、应急响应、恢复重建和减灾四个阶段,以此为基准构建公路洪水灾害应急管理体系。按应急管理先后顺序将公路洪水灾害应急管理的全部工作划入四个阶段,给出各阶段起讫标志及重点难点工作。最后,以陕南安康2010年“7.18”公路洪水灾害为例进行说明,验证公路洪水灾害应急管理体系的有效性与合理性。本文通过研究公路洪水灾害及应急管理理论方法,在此基础上建立公路洪水灾害应急管理体系,提出较为完备的灾害应急管理的模式,并结合陕南安康2010年“7.18”公路洪水灾害的应急过程验证了备灾、应急响应、恢复重建、减灾四阶段应急管理的有效性,为在全国开展公路洪水灾害应急管理提供参考,也为以后的课题研究提供技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the quickening pace and levels increase of highway construction, highway floods hazard caused more economic losses year by year in our country. Highway floods hazard have natural attribute and social attribute, so, prevention is not only the technical problem, but also management issue. Studying on emergency management of highway floods hazard, and proposing a set of scientific, effective, comprehensive, economic reasonable highway floods hazard emergency management system, that has very important practical significance to enhance highway anti-disaster ability, fully guarantee the road infrastructure and highway transportation, reduce economic loss and social influence caused by highway hazard.On the basis of extensive literature collection, this paper firstly summarises the main types and harms of highway floods hazard, and then analyses reasons of damage by flood and damage pattern aiming at three common Highway floods hazard slope erosion, roadbed damaged by flood along the river, small bridges and drainage ditches damage. This lay the foundation for research to highway floods hazard emergency management.Secondly, this paper particular expounds present situation, development phase, characteristic principle of emergency management, and sum up existing theory and application to management of highway floods hazard.Then, according to overall process risk management, the author divide highway floods hazard emergency management into preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation 4-phase, and that’s benchmark of constructing highway flood hazard emergency management system. According to the emergency management order, all work of highway flood hazard emergency management be delimit into 4-phase. At the same time, start-end point and difficulty of each phase be given.Finally, the paper take Ankang "7.18" floods in the south of Shanxi province in 2010 as an example to verify the validity of the highway floods hazard emergency management system.This paper build highway floods hazard emergency management system based on studing highway flood hazard and emergency management theory method, and put on relatively complete hazard emergency management model. Besides, the paper combined with the emergency process of Ankang "7.18" floods in the south of Shanxi province in 2010, verify the validity of 4-phase emergency management. These provide reference for promoting highway floods hazard emergency management in nation-wide, also provide technical support for future research.更多还原