【作者】 李芳；

【导师】 黄俊华；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 居住区绿地是城市绿地的重要组成部分,居住区绿地环境对城市绿地系统的生态功能具有直接的影响,对居民生活环境质量也具有至关重要的作用。目前,居住区绿地植物景观的研究多从植物树种的选择、配置手法、植物景观评价等美学的角度入手进行定性分析,也没有形成统一公认的评价标准,尤其是定量性的研究较少。本研究从生态学与美学角度入手,采用定性指标与定量指标相结合的方法对居住区植物景观进行评价,提出优化植物景观的配置模式,用于指导植物景观设计实践,对提高居住环境的质量,营造优美舒适的城市人居环境具有一定的实践意义。本文依据绿地率、规模及所获奖项中选取具有代表性植物景观的四个居住小区进行样地调查,将居住区植物景观划分为居住区公共绿地植物景观、公建附属绿地植物景观、宅旁绿地植物景观和道路绿地植物景观。对居住区的植物种类、应用频度及生活型结构做了统计分析,并分别对四个居住区四种类型植物物种多样性及植物群落稳定性进行了深入研究。与此同时,从专业与非专业人士的角度对居住区植物景观视觉进行了评价。基于以上调查结果,运用生态群落学、景观美学等原理,从生态性、艺术性两个角度,对四种类型植物景观进行分析与比较,总结出乌鲁木齐市居住区植物景观在生态效益与景观效果上的特点。研究表明：在调查的居住区中,共有28科50属88种木本植物,其中乔木53种、灌木35种(含木质藤本),常绿树种7种,落叶树种81种。植物群落的垂直结构单一,在群落空间结构上缺乏变化；居住区四种类型乔木层物种组成复杂,灌木层物种多样性指数、均匀度相对较低,物种多样性仍有较大的提升空间。公共绿地的物种多样性水平较高,道路绿地的物种多样性水平最低；居住区树种的选择上,野生观赏植物资源的应用未得到重视；在植物群落稳定性的研究中,四种绿地类型在稳定性方面存在以下问题：乔灌比例过高,群落密度过大,乡土植物运用不足；四个居住区稳定性指数最高的是天安名门和华美文轩,红十月小区的最低；植物景观视觉效果上,专业人士和非专业人士没有明显差异,居住区公共绿地效果最佳,其次是公建附属绿地,道路绿地次之,宅旁绿地视觉效果不佳。结合因子分析,发现鸟鲁木齐市居住区植物景观视觉效果由五个潜在因子组成。在参考前人的基础上,根据因子分析结果,构建居住区植物景观评价体系,并对居住区不同绿地类型进行植物景观综合评价,基于评价结果,总结了几种优良的植物配置模式,以便设计时参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Residential district green area is an important part of urban green space, the environment of that may affect the ecology function of urban green space system directly and also for the residential environment quality. At present, the researches about residential district vegetative landscape are made mainly from the angle of tree species choice, collocation method, plant landscape assessment and other aesthetic aspects. However, the researches are not formed to unify the evaluation criterions yet, especially for quantitative researches. In our research, residential district vegetative landscapes are assessed on the qualitative and quantitaitive means interactively from the ecological and aesthetic angle, and suggest some optimize planting landscape pattern not only directing plantscape design, but also improving the qualities of residential environment and constructing comfortable habitat.This paper selects four residential areas as the main research object, based on the green rate, scale and awards selected representative Residential Landscape Plants for sample investigation, the plant landscape of residential areas is divided into plant landscape of public greening, subsidiary of green plant landscape of public buildings, plant landscape of building-side greening and landscape plants of roadside greening. Residential areas of the plant species, application frequency and structure of life to do a statistical analysis, and four residential areas were four types of landscape plant species diversity and plant community stability in-depth research. At the same time, professional and non-professionals from the perspective of residential landscape plants were evaluated visually. According to the field survey of the plant category, variety of species and stability of plant growing, the different plant landscapes of residential areas are analyzed, compared and the conclusion is made on the characteristics of the plant landscape and the better modes of the plant design.The results show that:in the survey of the residential area, there are 88 species of woody plants belonging to 50 genera in 28 families, including 53 species of trees,35 species of shrubs(including woody vines),7 species of evergreen species and 81 species of deciduous trees. The vertical structure of the plant community is simple, so it is lack of multiform in the spatial structure; In the four types of residential complex species composition of tree layer, shrub species diversity index and the average of Pielou index are relatively low and there is still much room for improvement in species diversity. Public green high levels of species diversity, species diversity of green space in the lowest; Wild ornamental plant resources in the residential area of application of choice of tree species are not taken seriously. In terms of the stability of residential communities, there are problems as following:high proportion of Trees and Shrubs, community density is too large, insufficient use of native plants; The highest stability index of the four residential areas is that of Tianan Ming Men District and Huamei Wen Xuan District, the lowest index is in the Red October District. In visual effects of plant landscape, public green space holds the best, followed by public construction subsidiary of green space, and the green area next to housing district takes the third place. According to the factor analysis, it was concluded that the visual effect of plant landscape in Urumqi visual composition of the five potential factors. Based on the result of the comprehensive evaluation, many plant configuration mode with beautiful plant landscape was proposed, which is suitable for plant design.更多还原