【作者】 王欢；

【导师】 冯文生； 刘武朝；

【作者基本信息】 河北科技大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 天然气行业在我国一直被认为是具有较强自然垄断属性的基础性行业而受到政府的严格监管,从而使这一行业处于一种垄断的状态,且行业链中的各个环节都采取垄断一体化的组织结构形式进行垄断性经营,多数以国有企业为其载体。2003年以来,中国出现了能源对外依存度过高的情况和代表能源供给相对短缺的“油荒”、“气荒”等不良现象,这些都严重影响了国家正常的经济秩序,使国家能源安全受到挑战和威胁。在对上述的能源安全隐患进行研究分析时,国内的学者多是从技术效率及国际合作的角度展开研究讨论,而天然气行业发展以及相关制度的合理安排则很少受到关注和质疑。充分合理的利用我国丰富的天然气资源,需要迫切对天然气行业监管制度进行改革。目前,我国天然气行业刚刚起步,面临着法律空白缺位、监管不力、市场准入和价格监管制度不合理等各种严重问题和挑战,亟需立法进行有力监管。本文以我国的实际存在情况为出发点,借鉴英国和美国的天然气行业监管经验,对我国天然气行业监管制度改革提出了一些有益建议。总共分为六个部分：第1章,绪论,介绍了本文的选题背景、国内研究现状、研究目标与内容等问题。第2章,天然气行业竞争结构及监管需求分析,分析了天然气行业各个环节的自然垄断性。第3章,英美两国法律监管制度及其经验,详细介绍了英国、美国两国天然气行业监管法律体系、监管法律机构和监管法律制度,从中比较得出值得我国借鉴的宝贵经验。第4章,我国天然气行业法律监管制度的现状与问题,这部分介绍了目前我国天然气行业立法现状、监管法律机构和监管法律制度,并指出了其中存在的问题,得出监管的必要性。第5章,我国天然气行业监管制度的构建,建议我国天然气行业监管法律制度从建立、完善天然气行业法律法规开始,并且要成立相对独立的天然气行业监管机构,最后针对天然气行业上、中、下游各环节的实际状况分别制定不同的进入监管和价格监管政策,区别对待。总之,我国天然气行业法律监管制度的构建,首先的是选择一个天然气行业统一的立法模式,在许可证法律框架的范围内,健全和完善天然气行业的监管法律体系；其次是要确立天然气行业法律监管模式,建议采用管理与监督相分离的监管模式和中央与地方相协调的科学监管体系；最后要构建天然气行业监管制度,主要包括市场准入制度和价格监管制度对天然气行业进行有效监管。针对天然气行业的上游、中游和下游,分别制定不同的市场准入制度和价格监管制度,逐步放开上游和下游市场,并对中游市场进行合理有效的监管。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural gas industry in China has long been considered a natural monopoly properties with strong basic industries and under strict government supervision, so that the industry is in a state monopoly, and the various links in the chain of the industry have adopted an integrated monopoly monopolistic form of organizational structure management, the majority state-owned enterprises for the carrier. Since 2003, the emergence of a situation of excessive dependence on foreign energy sources and on behalf of a relative shortage of energy supply, "oil shortage", "gas shortage" and other negative phenomena, which are seriously affecting the country’s normal economic order, the national energy security by the challenges and threats. In the study of energy security risk analysis, the domestic scholars from the technical point of efficiency and expand international cooperation in research and discussion, and natural gas industry and related systems arrange the little attention, and questioned.Adequate and reasonable use of our abundant natural gas resources, the natural gas industry urgently needs to reform regulatory systems. At present, China’s natural gas industry has just started, faced with the absence of legal gaps, lack of supervision, market access and price regulation system is unreasonable, and other serious problems and challenges need strong regulatory legislation.In this paper, the actual presence of the starting point, drawing American and British experience in the natural gas industry regulator, China’s natural gas industry on regulatory reform put forward some useful suggestions. Is divided into six parts:Chapter 1, Introduction, introduces the research background of this paper, the domestic research, research objectives and content issues. Chapter 2, competitive natural gas industry structure and regulatory requirements analysis, analysis of all aspects of the natural gas industry natural monopoly. Chapter 3, foreign legal and regulatory system and its gas industry experience, detailing the U.S., the UK gas industry regulator the two legal systems, legal institutions and regulatory supervision of the legal system, China should learn from comparisons of valuable experience. Chapter 4, China’s natural gas industry, the legal status of the regulatory system and problems, this section describes the current status of China’s natural gas industry, legislative, regulatory and regulatory legal system, legal institutions, and pointed out the existing problems, come to the need for supervision. Chapter 5, China’s natural gas industry, building regulatory system, the proposed regulation of the legal system from the natural gas industry to establish and perfect laws and regulations of the natural gas industry began, and to the establishment of independent regulatory agencies of natural gas industry, the last for the natural gas industry, the middle and lower reaches of the were part of the actual state of development of different entry regulation and price control policy, be treated differently.In short, China’s natural gas industry, the construction of the legal regulatory system, the first is to choose a model uniform legislation gas industry, in the permit within the legal framework, improve and perfect the legal system of regulation of the natural gas industry; second is to establish the legal regulation of natural gas industry model, proposed separation of management and supervision of regulation and coordination of central and local scientific supervision system; final regulatory system to build natural gas industry, including market access system and price monitoring system for effective monitoring of the natural gas industry. For the gas industry upstream, midstream and downstream, respectively, for different market access system and price monitoring system, and gradually open the upstream and downstream markets, and middle market reasonable and effective regulation.更多还原