【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 孙军德； 李宝聚；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 微生物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 我国食用菌病害的研究基础薄弱,对重要食用菌病害的病原菌认识不清,且随着食用菌栽培技术的日趋成熟与周年化生产的实现,迫切需要对食用菌病害进行深入的研究,以减少病害造成的经济损失及保障食用菌产品的安全。本研究通过对我国北方食用菌主要病害的调查,明确了8种食用菌病害的致病病原菌,共鉴定病原菌14株,其中病原真菌10株,病原细菌4株。发现新病害3种,其中新记录寄主病害1种,新纪录病害2种。1.对我国北方食用菌主要产区的病害情况进行了初步调查。通过对北方食用菌病害的调查,共采集病害样品105份,保存病原真菌57株,病原细菌13株,疑似病原细菌106株。并发现侵染性病害主要为细菌性褐斑病,竞争性病害主要为木霉病。2.发现新纪录病害2种。通过形态学与分子生物学鉴定,结合致病性试验,发现新纪录真菌病害1种：布氏白僵菌[Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch]引起的金针菇白僵菌病；通过形态学、生理生化与分子生物学鉴定,结合致病性试验,发现新纪录细菌病害1种：泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)细菌引起的杏鲍菇黄萎病。3.发现新纪录寄主病害1种。通过形态学鉴定,结合致病性试验,发现新纪录寄主病害1种：粪生帚霉[Scopulariopsis fimicola(Cost. et. Matr)]引起的金针菇白色石膏霉病。4.鉴定重要食用菌病害病原菌11株。其中病原真菌8株,分别是粗糙脉孢霉(Neurospora crassa),青霉(Penicillium sp.),桔绿木霉(Trichoderma citrinoviride),钩状木霉(Trichoderma hamatum),哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum),康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningii),拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma pseudokoningii),绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)。病原细菌3株,分别是Pseudomonas poae、托拉斯假单胞菌(Pseudomonas tolaasii)及假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)本研究通过形态学、生理生化与分子生物学鉴定,结合致病性试验,对我国北方食用菌新病害与重要病害的病原菌进行了鉴定,这对食用菌病害的准确诊断与综合防治,具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mushroom diseases research in China is weak, the understanding of important mushroom diseases pathogens is unclear. With the maturation of mushroom cultivation technology and the realization of the annual production, the urgent need for intensive research of the mushroom diseases. So as to reduce economic losses caused by diseases and assure the safety of mushroom products. This research is on the survey of the major mushroom diseases in northern China, and identified 8 kinds of mushroom diseases pathogens. A total of 14 strains of pathogens was identified, of which 10 strains of fungi pathogens, four strains of bacteria pathogens. In total, three new diseases were discovered, including 1 new record species of host and 2 new record species.1. The preliminary survey of the diseases of the main mushroom producing areas of northern China. Through the survey of the north mushroom diseases,105 samples were collected from diseases,57 fungi strains and 13 pathogenic bacteria strains were preserved, and we preserved 106 suspected pathogenic bacteria strains. We know that brown blotch diseases were the mainly infectious diseases, green mold diseases were the mainly competing diseases.2. The discovery of 2 new record diseases. Through the methods of morphological and molecular biology, combined with the pathogenicity tests, one new record of fungi disease was discoveried: Flammulina velutipes beauveria bassiana disease caused by Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch. By morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular biology methods, combined with the pathogenicity tests, one new record of bacteria disease was discoveried:Pleuotus eryngii verticillium wilt caused by Pantoea sp.3. The discovery of 1 new record of host disease. By morphological observation, combined with the pathogenicity tests, the new record of host disease was discoveried: Flammulina velutipes white plaster disease caused by Scopulariopsis fimicola (Cost. et. Matr).4. The identification of 11 pathogenic strains of important mushroom diseases. Eight strains of pathogenic fungi:Neurospora crassa, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma viride. Three strains of pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas poae, Pseudomonas tolaasii and Pseudomonas sp. In this reseach, the identification of pathogens was used morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular biology methods, combined with the pathogenicity tests. The pathogens of new diseases and important diseases in northern China were identified. It has great significance to the accuracy diagnosis and integrated control.更多还原