【作者】 应起翔；

【导师】 郑备军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 金融学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 作为现代金融与传统扶贫活动的创造式结合,小额信贷将有助于建立和健全农村金融体制,发展和完善农村金融机制,提高和改善农村金融效率,合理有效地动员和配置金融资源,从而达到农村经济和农村金融的长期稳健发展。小额信贷扶贫方式本质上是一种金融制度创新,完善小额信贷方式将对我国金融理论研究提供实际经验,同时为世界的反贫困问题做出积极的贡献。中国与印度是世界上两个最大的发展中国家,无论在领土、人口、资源、受教育程度、经济发展程度、产业结构还是在农村、农业等方面都有很大的相似之处。由于历史、地域、经济结构和人口结构等原因,印度农村小额信贷的发展远早于中国及其他发展中国家,比较中印农村小额信贷的历史演变和发展,尤其是集中研究中印农村小额信贷的需求异同及供给模式,探讨中印农村小额信贷的相关性和异同性,对比研究中印农村小额信贷的监管原则及其经验教训,对于我国小额信贷的发展有着重要的参照和借鉴意义。本文通过制度经济学理论及比较分析等方法,首先从小额信贷的概念、特征、发展模式出发,运用农村金融理论、交易费用理论、信息不对称理论、阿玛蒂亚森的理论对小额信贷的理论进行阐述。其次,通过对中印两国农村小额信贷的历史发展、需求及供给模式、风险及监管机制进行了分析与比较,得出了一些可资借鉴的经验,如印度央行对农业等优先部门贷款比例限制规定使得印度农村金融体系覆盖率较高,小额信贷需求获得较好的满足；印度的“自助小组—银行联结”小额信贷模式降低了信息不对称的风险,提高了小额信贷机构的可持续性等。最后,本文在分析比较基础上,提出了制度型小额信贷模式成为了中印两国小额信贷共同的发展方向等结论,并提出通过金融联结加强正规金融机构与非正规机构之间的合作,利用比较优势促进我国小额信贷市场的发展,坚持小额贷款的市场运作,应用市场机制引导小额贷款在运作中实现既定的扶贫目标,给予民营小额信贷机构更多的政策空间,以及营造更为适宜的监管环境等政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a creative combination of modern finance and traditional poverty reduction, microfinance is helpful to create and improve rural financial system, to develop rural financial mechanism, enhance rural financial efficiency, to properly mobilize and allocate financial resources. In this way, a stable and long-term development of rural economy and rural finance can be attained. The nature of microfinance is a kind of innovation of financial system. The improvement of microfinance means will both provide practical experience to China’s finance theory and make contributions to the world poverty reduction.China and India are two largest developing countries. These two countries have a lot of similarities, not only in the aspects of land, population, resources, education, economic development, industrial structures but also in agriculture and rural areas. Because of the differences in history, geographical location, economic and population structures, the development of rural microfinance in India is quite earlier than that of in China as well as some of the other developing countries. A Sino-India comparative study on rural microfinance in the respects of historical development, demand and supply modes, microfinance regulation and supervision, differences and similarities have been pointed out and some important implications have been provided.Firstly, by applying the theory of institutional economics and ways of comparative analysis, the paper begins with the explanation of microfinance theory, including the definition, characteristics, development mode of microfinance. The Rural Financial theory, Transaction Cost Theory, Asymmetric Information theory and the Amartya Sen’s theory are used to analyze the microfinance theory. Secondly, through comparative analysis on historical development, demand and supply modes, risk and regulation mechanisms of rural microfinance of China and India, the paper provides some useful experience. For example, the rural financial system in India is more developed as the central bank of India makes requirement on banks which have to provide a part of loan on agriculture or other preferential areas. As a result, more demands of microfinance in India have been met. Moreover, the SHG-Bank Linkage Program (SBLP) has reduced the risk arising from information asymmetry and improved the sustainability of microfinance institutions, etc. Finally, based on the comparative analysis, the paper puts forward some of the suggestions, including the institutionalist microfinance model should be the trend of development in both countries. The cooperation between formal and informal financial institutions through kinds of linkage is also important for the development of microfinance market. It is essential to insist on the market operation and mechanism of microfinance development to make it achieve poverty reduction goal. Other suggestions such as providing more policy flexibility to private microfinance institutions and creating a more relaxed regulatory environment and so on are also provided.更多还原