【作者】 李建娜；

【导师】 胡曰利； 吴晓芙；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在大量阅读现有人工湿地系统的文献资料和研究成果的基础上,综述人工湿地污水处理技术的国内外研究进展,分析人工湿地在推广应用中面临的挑战,提出人工湿地改型研究的思路。本研究基于中南林业科技大学构建的组合人工湿地模式,主要针对组合人工湿地污水处理系统的净化效果及其季节变化和年际变化进行深入的研究和分析；对组合系统中各单元的贡献及季节变化对单元去污能力的影响进行分析；对系统中植物吸收作用在脱氮、除磷过程中的贡献进行探讨和研究；其目的在于使该项技术得到进一步的完善,为今后人工湿地工程的设计和运行管理提供理论依据和实践经验。组合人工湿地系统处理校园生活污水的研究结果表明：系统对生活污水中各污染物均具有明显净化效果,即使在气温低,植物生长停止,微生物活性很低的冬季,系统大多数污染物质的去除率仍在60%以上。组合系统各单元去污能力及其对系统去污的贡献会随季节变化出现差异,但温度季节性变化对组合人工湿地污水处理系统的整体处理效率影响较小。好氧生化池和潜流人工湿地所起的作用最大,分别承担了CODcr、TN和TP的去除,生物调节池对各污染物去除能力最小,但作用不可忽视。系统中形成的生态结构是各单元之间互补作用的内在因素。系统中植物研究表明：系统中引种植物均生长良好,具有一定的景观效应。不同植物N、P含量具有一定差异,且在同一生境中,不同植物的生物量差异显著。植物N、P积累量与植物生物量之间显示一个显著的正线性关系,相关系数(R2)分别为0.8934和0.7887；植物N、P积累量与植物体内N、P含量也呈正线性关系,但相关性较差,相关系数(R2)分别为0.4996和0.4850。各单元中植物吸收对N、P去除的贡献率与单元进水负荷有关,结果表明植物对N、P的吸收在低负荷系统中占有显著优势,表流湿地单元中植物吸收对N、P去除的贡献率高于生物调节池和潜流湿地两个单元。在本组合系统中植物吸收对单元N、P去除仅起到有限作用,其贡献率在2%-10%左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on literature review and practical investigations, achievements in researches and progresses in development and application of constructed wetland techniques for wastewater treatments were summarized. Re-modification of constructed wetland treatment system was proposed and tests based on new ideas were conducted with objectives to seeking alternative solutions to the existing problems for use of constructed wetlands in municipal sewage treatments.Using the constructed multiple wetlands system (in the campus of Central South University of Forestry and Technology) as experimental site, this study was conducted to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of the system in relation to seasonal and annual changes with focuses on contribution of individual treatment cells and impact of seasonal changes on their treatment efficiencies. Removal of TN and TP by wetland plants was further investigated and discussed. The general goal of this study was to establish a better theoretical foundation as well as to provide useful information and experiences for design, operation and management of the constructed wetland project in practice.Results obtained from the present study showed that the constructed multiple wetland system was effective in reduction of the pollutants in wastewaters from the campus. The removal rate of major pollutants remained higher than 60% even in the cold winter when most plant species stopped to grow and the bioactivity of the system was low. The treatment capacity of different cells varied to some degrees with seasonal changes while the treatment efficiency of the whole system was not significantly affected by temperature.The aerobic biochemical pool and subsurface flow.wetland played most important roles in removal of CODcr, TN and TP. The removal rate of the biological regulating pool was found to be low. The ecological function of this pre-treatment unit in the multiple wetland ecosystem, however, is essential with respect to primary decomposition and transformation of organic pollutants.Plant analysis indicated that the uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by plants was positively correlated with plant biomass and the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.8934 and 0.7887 for these two elements respectively. The concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant tissues was also positively correlated with tissues biomass but the correlation level was low, with R2 values 0.4996 for N and 0.4850 for P. The removal of N and P due to plants uptake was reversely related to wastewater loads. The uptake of these two nutrient elements was higher when wastewater load was lower. Plants in SFW (surface flow constructed wetlands) removed more N and P than those in the SSFW (subsurface flow constructed wetlands) and biological regulating pool. In general plant uptake was not found to be the main factor in N and P removal as its contribution efficiency was low, varying within a range between 2% and 10%.更多还原