【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 胡曰利； 吴晓芙； 胡月明；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 耕地是人类赖以生存和发展的重要资源,耕地保护研究在国内外倍受关注,而且已成为土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)研究的重要组成部分。资兴市耕地资源十分紧缺,由于经济快速增长、城市化进程明显加快耗费大量耕地,加之耕地退化和流失原因,使得耕地数量大幅度减少、人口与耕地的矛盾极为突出,因此耕地动态变化和合理保护研究已成为关乎当地社会经济可持续发展的关键问题。本论文主要从以下几个方面展开论证,以其对资兴市耕地保护工作起到一定指导作用,也对经济快速发展地区该项工作有所裨益。得出结论如下：(1)资兴市耕地数量减少速度迅速,耕地保护压力巨大。据调查分析：资兴市耕地面积从1997年初的22394.48公顷减少到2005年末的20218.57公顷,1997～2005年间,耕地共减少了2175.91公顷,除1998年外,从1997年到2005年资兴市耕地数量每年都是不断减少的,年平均减少量为241.77公顷,其中以2002年、2003年和2004年的耕地减少量最大,分别是减少了223.58公顷、1292.51公顷和551.99公顷。主要原因是因为这几年资兴市开发鱼塘养殖东江鱼以及市政府退耕还林的政策驱动下,资兴市大面积耕地的用途都改变了,因此耕地减少的面积也比较多。接着对各区耕地减少状况、原因及其耕地保护工作情况展开了论述。耕地减少的宏观原因主要是非农建设占用、农业内部结构调整、人口增长等因素。(2)从自然因素和社会人文驱动因素两方面对资兴市耕地变化驱动进行了分析。自然因素主要是自然灾害损毁耕地,由于其有众多不确定性,在此不做详细分析。本文着重对人口增长、城镇化发展、区域经济水平、政策体制等社会人文因素做出分析。(3)在提出问题、分析问题的基础上实施耕地总量动态平衡并提出耕地和基本农田的保护措施入手探索了解决资兴市耕地数量持续大幅下降趋势的方法。根据土地开发整理复垦补充耕地预测分析的结果,到2020年底全市共可补充耕地1012.22公顷,而按照区域经济与土地利用指标研究结论和新增建设占用耕地的情况分析,到2020年新增建设占用耕地面积为1511.23公顷,虽然离实现“占补平衡”有一定距离,但从总体上看,还是基本能够实现非农建设占用耕地“占一补一”的要求；通过对粮食用地预测,得出结论：2010年,资兴市保证粮食用地11335.13公顷,2020年保证粮食用地13327.60公顷,才能满足粮食生产的需求。从预测结果来看,资兴市的最低粮食生产用地要求远低于2005年的耕地现状面积和全市划定的基本农田保护区面积。以预测结果为依据确定了基本农田保护区的面积和布局,并提出了相关的保护措施；从资兴市耕地保护工作面临的新形势及其基本思路出发,提出了针对资兴市耕地保护的对策和措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultivated land is a kind of important resources for mankind’s survival and development, the study of farmland protection is a focus in home and abroad, which has become an important component of the "land use/cover change" (LUCC) study. Land resources are very scarce in Zixing, and the rapid economic growth and urbanization process took a lot of farmland, coupled with farmland degradation and loss, the contradictions between population and farmland are very serious, so the sutdy of farmland dynamic change and protection has become a key issue to local socio-economic sustainable development. In order to have a guiding role for the farmland protection in Zixing, and to benefit the rapid economic development in different areas, the study begins from the following areas in this paper:(1) The inventory result shows:speed reduction in the number of cultivated land brings to farmland preservation tremendous pressure in Zixing city. According to inventory and analysis, the cultivated land area decreases to 202,18.57 hectare of year end of 2005 from 223,94.48 hectare of beginning of the year of 1997, it decreases by 2175.91 hectares together to plowing land from 1997 to 2005, except 1998, be to fall off unceasingly cultivated land quantity every year from 1997 to 2005, the annual average cuts down amounts being 241.77 hectares, among them with in 2002, in 2003 and in 2004 cuts down amounts maxima, be to decrease by 223.58 hectares, 1292.51 hectares and 551.99 hectares respectively. Main cause is that the policy breeding East river fish because of this almost annual Zi Xing City develops a fishpond as well as the municipal government returns the grain plots to forestry drives down, large area cultivated land use has all changed, the area that cultivated land cuts down can’t compare many therefore. Then, area cultivated land cuts down status, cause and their cultivated land protects the condition working having spread out to every comment that. In the agriculture inside of construction occupancy, agriculture, structural adjustment, population increase the main macroscopic view cause dispute that cultivated land cuts down waiting for a factor.(2) Analyze the drive of cultivated land change from natural and social humanity factor, the natural factor is that natural calamities mangles cultivated land mainly, which have a lot of uncertainties because of the person, do not do detailed analysis here. The main body of a book is emphasized doing out analysis to society humanity factors such as population growth, city and town-rization development, regional economies level, policy system.(3) Method starting having probed the trend resolving cultivated land quantity continuing coming down by large margins in the protection bringing forward a problem, putting cultivated land all quantity dynamic balance into practice and bringing forward cultivated land and basic farmland on the basis analysing a problem. Arrange a reclamation according to land exploitation replenishing cultivated land with analytical result of forecast, the whole city may replenish cultivated land with 101,2.22 hectares together in the end of 2020, but, the condition occupying cultivated land according to that regional economies and the land utilization index studying a conclusion and increasing construction newly analyses, which be 151,1.23 hectares to increasing the cultivated area building an occupancy newly in 2020, though being away from realization " Balance of occupancy and fill" has certain distance, but go ahead from as a whole, be still fundamental being able to come true being not that agriculture construction occupancy cultivated land "accounts for one of request one help; By using field to forecast to grain,come to a conclusion:Zi Xing City ensures that grain uses 11335.13 hectares of field in 2010, ensures that grain uses 13327.60 hectares of field, ability satisfies the need that grain produces in 2020. Judging from forecast result, the Zi Xing City minimum grain produces the basic farmland protected area area that area and the whole city delimit with the cultivated land current situation that the field demands to be way below 2005. Have taken forecasting result as area and layout according to having ascertained basic farmland protected area, and have brought forward pertinent protection; Circumstances and their fundamental train of thought has set off from the new facing the Zi Xing City cultivated land protection job, proposed that specifically for countermeasure and measure that Zi Xing City cultivated land protects.更多还原