【作者】 李坤；

【导师】 钟崴； 童水光；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 热能工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 电力是现代化技术、人民生活和新产业发展的重要物质基础。汽轮发电机是最主要的发电设备之一,主要由定子和转子组成。汽轮发电机定子主要包括定子机座、定子铁心以及定子绕组三部分。定子的结构强度和振动因素对机组的正常运行有重要的影响。传统汽轮发电机定子的设计多凭经验展开,存在着设计盲目性大、设计周期长、成本高等诸多弊端。面对日益丰富化、个性化的市场需要,企业迫切需要科学的方法改善设计,本文所采用的CAD/CAE技术与试验相结合的方法是解决上述问题的理想方法。定子机座的结构强度是汽轮发电机重要的性能指标。针对定子机座的结构强度问题,本文采用平板单元有限元理论,建立了定子机座的有限元模型,完成了定子机座的结构强度分析,验证定子机座的结构强度符合要求。定子的振动是汽轮发电机最主要的问题之一,对机组的安全运行起重要影响。本文首先采用有限元法对定子进行了振动模态计算,然后,结合力学和振动测试等方面的理论知识,针对汽轮发电机定子的振动问题,通过现场试验,测试了定子的振动模态,而后,将有限元计算结果与试验结果进行比较,分析偏差产生的原因,最后,提出基于灵敏度的方法对定子有限元模型进行了模型修正,得到了精确的定子有限元计算模型,为定子的计算机辅助设计提供了参考。在满足设计、制造过程中的安全性、合理性前提下,提出了采用GA算法对定子机座进行优化的方法,改善了定子机座的应力分布,并在制造的过程中节约12.2%的材料。通过试制样机,将分析结果与样机试验结果进行对比,优化后的汽轮发电机样机各项参数符合设计标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electricity is an important foundation for people’s lives and new industrial development in modern society. Turbo-generator which mainly composed of stator and rotor is one of the most important power generation equipment. Turbo-generator stator mainly includes stator shell, stator core and stator windings. Turbo-generator stator structural strength and vibration have important impact factors on the normal operation of the unit. Traditionally, design of the stator structure are according to experience, this exists blindness in design, design cycle is long, the higher cost and so on. To meet the increasingly rich, personalized market needs, companies urgently need the scientific method to improve the design. This paper combined CAD/CAE technology with experimental method to solve these problems.Structural strength is key performance indicators of the shell of the turbo-generator. To discus the problems of the structural strength in this paper, we used finite element plate element theory to create the stator structure of the whole finite element model, finish the analysis of the strength of she shell, verify the strength to meet the requirements standard.Turbo-generator stator structure vibration is the main problem to the safe operation of the unit. In this paper, we used finite element method to calculate the stator shell and the overall of the vibration modes, and secondly, binding force and vibration testing aspects of theoretical knowledge, for the turbo-generator stator structure vibration problems, through field trials to test the stator structural vibration modes, thirdly, compare the finite element calculation results with test results, analysis error causes. Finally, based on the sensitivity method, through modal amendments. we got a more accurate finite element model that reflects the true stator, providing a reference for the stator structure computer-aided design.Under the reasonable design, manufacture and safety premise, we introduce the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the structure of the shell to improve the stress distribution, this saved 12.2% of the material.With the prototype through the trial, compared the results of the analysis with the prototype test results, optimized turbo-generator prototype of the parameters meet the design standards.更多还原