【作者】 方碧姗；

【导师】 陈秋华；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 这些年来,我国各地乡村旅游发展速度很快而且对农村经济做了重要的贡献。但是,随着乡村旅游的进一步发展,许多问题就暴露出来如乡村旅游地的商业化,飞地化,城镇化。这些问题中最关键的就是农民的各项利益包括经济利益,环境利益,文化利益等受到了极大的损害；反过来这些问题又阻碍了乡村旅游的进一步发展,摧毁了乡村旅游的发展基础。在这些种种问题之中,最核心的问题就是利益。关注乡村旅游发展中众多需求不同的利益主体,各利益主体的利益诉求,他们之间的影响关系以及在主要利益关系者之间如何实现利益均衡等等问题都是急需解决的问题。因此,笔者引入利益相关理论来探讨乡村旅游利益主体问题,并以福建省武夷山各乡村旅游为案例,着重探讨了其乡村旅游社区发展中核心利益相关者的利益诉求以及其权利的影响力,利益实现的程度,利益冲突导致的利益失衡等现象,并试图挖掘其利益失衡的深刻的原因,尝试构建能协调核心利益主体利益和符合武夷山乡村旅游发展的利益均衡机制。本文主要从下列几个方面进行研究(1)通过专家调查的评分结果,将旅游利益相关者划分为核心型利益相关者与非核心型利益相关者两类,其中核心型利益相关者包括旅游者、旅游企业、社区居民、政府四类。(2)乡村旅游地区的核心利益主体都有各自的利益要求,而每个利益需求的重视程度又有很大的差异,对乡村旅游发展的控制力也不均衡,所以各利益相关者之间的关系就可能失去平衡；如果这些利益要求不能很好的协调,演化为冲突,就可能严重地阻碍了乡村旅游的发展。(3)对于不同的乡村旅游地区,各利益相关者之间的利益要求,对要求的重视程度并不完全一样,为了更深刻的分析武夷山乡村旅游核心利益主体的利益矛盾,本文采用实地调查和深度访谈的方法进行调查,并根据调查数据做相应的统计分析,进一步分析各利益主体的矛盾,并发现,这些矛盾的根源在于各方在乡村旅游利益格局的地位不同,控制力不同而导致的；在于产权制度的不明确；在于制度的不完善。当这些根源问题没有解决时,各利益主体的矛盾关系会始终存在,并不利于乡村旅游的健康发展。(4)通过分析,各利益主体在乡村旅游利益格局中的失衡现状,只有通过政府,这个权利地位最大的利益主体,‘充分的发挥他的管理服务功能来改善目前这种失衡的局面,平衡各方力量；通过对产权制度的改革；通过制度的完善来补充和平衡各方的利益格局。(5)建构一个能推动乡村旅游发展的利益均衡机制,必须遵循兼顾经济效益和社会效益兼顾原则；均衡和非均衡原则；规范化原则。并且通过转换政府的职能,建立起社区参与机制和制度的保障来建构乡村旅游利益主体均衡机制。在制度的构建中侧重于拓宽利益表达渠道；合理的利益分配制度,尤其是明晰产权,合理对乡村旅游资源进行评估,完善征地补偿制度；健全保障机制,完善法律制度；建立利益监督制度等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over the years, rural tourism all over the country have developed very quickly, and made important contributions on the rural economy. However, with the further development of rural tourism, many of the problems have been exposed, such as the commercialization enclaves and urbanization of rural tourism destination. The most critical is the interests of farmers in these issues, including economic interests, environmental interests, and cultural interests, which are being subjected to great harm. At the same time, these issues have hindered the further development of rural tourism, destroying the foundation of rural tourism. Among these problems, the core of the problem is interest. Concerned about their interest and the relationships between the stakeholders in rural tourism development, how to coordinate deferent interests of the major stakeholders are urgently be resolved. Therefore, the author introduces the stakeholders’theory to discuss the stakeholders’interests’problems and take the rural tourism in the Wuyishan in Fujian Province as a case. Focused on the their demands, their rights, the realization of their interests and the conflict of interest demands among the core of rural tourism stakeholders, the thesis tries to build rural tourism interest coordinating mechanism and meet the development of rural tourism in Wuyishan.The whole dissertation is composed of five main parts:(1) Through the Delphi, It shows that the stakeholders can be classified into two categories, core stakeholders and non-core stakeholders according to whether they are important to tourism community’s development or not. Core stakeholders include government, tourists, tourism enterprises and community residents generally.(2) By statistical analysis, it studies the interests and the way that realize their interests of the core stakeholders in Wuyishan rural tourism.(3) Through fieldwork and the data, it analyzes some conflicts of the core stakeholders and identifies the root reasons that make these unbalance of the interests:the unbalance of the right of the core stakeholders; definite property rights; imperfection management system.(4) According the practice of the rural tourism, it propose some suggestions about Interest Coordinating Mechanism of Rural Tourism, which including transformation of government functions; Community Involvement; perfect management system.更多还原