【作者】 陈梅；

【导师】 杨广军；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 学科教学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 我国基础教育课程改革的目标是关注学生全面而有个性的发展,重视培养学生的科学素养。在教学过程中,应摆正学生的主体地位,充分发挥教师的主导作用,注重三维教学目标的达成,关注学生获得知识的同时,更该注重学生获得知识的过程和方法及其在探究物理知识和规律过程中的情感体验。义务教育物理新课程改革在全国范围内全面实施以后,探究型课堂教学模式已被广泛应用,笔者调查发现初中物理课堂在实施探究教学时还存在着一些问题,通过进一步的思考与实践,笔者认为探究教学的设计有着不同于一般教学的特点,需要最新的教育教学理论为指导；需要仔细研究初中学生的心理特点和生活环境；需要精心选择教学模式设计教学方案；实施过程中要遵循一定的教学原则和步骤等等。整个探究教学活动应具有很强的开放性和主动性,能提高学生的科学素养,能培养学生发现问题和解决问题的能力。课堂的预设是成功的前提,凡事预则立不预则废,根据教材的特点和学生的学情预设一定的问题情境,激发学生内在的学习动机和学习兴趣,使学生在内因的驱动下进行问题的讨论并确定探究方向和活动任务。教学模式是沟通实践和理论的桥梁,根据最新的教学理念设计有效的教学模式,帮助学生自主地建构和完善物理知识的框架。生成的问题是探究的核心,重视课堂上的“意外生成”,并启发学生运用科学的方法去解决问题,提升学生的科学素养和解决问题的逻辑思维品质。本文根据物理学科的特点,以二期课改为背景,介绍探究型课堂的理论基础；分析初中学生的学习心理和生活环境；阐述探究型课堂设计的环节；分析教学实践过程中的片段和案例,总结探究活动实施的步骤和原则,并加以反思。总体而言,探究型课堂应充分发挥教师的主导作用,真正落实学生的主体地位,教学设计上要着重思考如何通过情境的预设,教学模式的设计,探究活动的引导完成对学生知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观三维目标的达成。更多还原

【Abstract】 The goal of the fundamental education in China is to concern about students’ all-round development with individualism and to foster their qualifications. In such teaching, for one thing, students’subjective position should be set right; for another, teachers’ leading role be put to full play. It requires teachers to place value on the achievement of the three-dimension teaching aim—physics for example—concern of students’acquisition of knowledge, care of their acquisition process and method, and finding out their emotional experience in physics classes.Since the reform of physics was made all over the country, the finding-out teaching mode has been widely put into practice. The author finds by investigation that some problems are still lying with the finding-out teaching of physics in middle schools. With further reflection and practice, the author thinks that different from general teaching, the finding-out teaching is characterized by the need for the direction of the latest education theory, demand for the studies of students’ psychology and living conditions, request for careful selection of teaching design and teaching plan, and observance of teaching principle and steps in the performance of teaching plan, etc. The finding-out teaching activities should be open and initiative, and only in this way can students’qualifications be improved and the students’ competences of finding questions and solving problems be cultivated.Presupposition is the prerequisite of a successful class. Based on the textbook, teachers presuppose some questions and situations to stimulate students’intrinsic motivation and interest and to have them conduct discussions on the question and decide what they want to find out and set the tasks as well. Obviously, a good teaching mode bridges the gap between theory and practice. The teaching mode designed according to the latest teaching notions helps students autonomously construct the framework of physics learning and improve their knowledge of physics. Certainly, generation is the core of such finding-out, so in class, apart from the fact that attention should be paid to "accidental generation," inspiration should be given to students to use scientific method to solve problems in order that students’ qualifications and logical thinking competences could be improved.Taking the second-period reform of physics course as background, this paper introduces the fundamental theory for finding-out classes according to the course’s features and analyzes middle school students’psychology in learning and living conditions on the one hand; it relates to the design of the finding-out class links and deals with the episodes in the teaching process with case studies on the other. At the end the paper presents the performance of steps and rules for finding-out activities by means of reflection.In short, teachers should fully play a leading role in a finding-out class and students’subjective position should as well be strengthened. In design, teachers need to think what situation presupposition, what teaching mode design and what sort of finding-out activities can help students achieve the three-dimension aim:knowledge and competence, process and method, and emotion and value.更多还原