【作者】 郭亮；

【导师】 方子森；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 药用植物资源与利用， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 针对当归传统栽培中所存在的产量低而不稳,提前抽薹率高的问题,学者们对当归生长发育过程中部分环境因子展开了大量的研究。本试验以当归温室育苗为切入点,通过海拔、有效积温等环境因子对温室苗生长发育及抽薹率的影响规律的研究,以期为提高当归产量,降低当归早薹率、建立当归GAP产地提供科学参考。主要研究结果如下：1.在本试验条件下,温室育苗中配方为60%田园土,20%腐熟厩肥,20%炉渣混合基质中育出的苗在当归株高、叶面积、根长、根粗上优于其他基质；温室苗大田移栽后,田间早期抽薹率为0。对温室苗进行不同的移栽处理,实验结果表明：在苗龄100d左右时移栽最好,干归产量达到1387.88 kg/hm2。覆膜栽培比露地栽培具有明显的高产优势,当归在覆膜栽培的方式下比露地栽培生长势好、产量高,覆膜栽培干归产1973.20 kg/hm2。生产上可根据以上结论进行当归的商品化生产。2.温室种苗大小对移栽成活率的影响不大,对当归的经济产量有一定的影响。种苗大小对单位面积经济产量影响的总趋势为：大苗>中苗>小苗,对当归品质影响的总趋势为：中苗>大苗>小苗。中苗(0.3 cm<d<0.5 cm)不仅生长优势明显而侧根相对较少。所以,在反季温室苗移栽中,选用中苗是实现当归高产、高效生产目的的有效措施之一。3.当海拔高度低于2640m时,当归的产量随受海拔高度影响不大,2640m以上产量明显下降,株高,叶片数,主根长均表现出极显著的负相关。即株高,叶片数,主根长都随海拔高度的升高而降低。本试验条件下,反季当归的农艺性状在1970m-2640m表现出最佳,为当归的最适生长区。4.当归出苗后,根干物质和全株干物质随有效积温增加而增长的过程符合Logistic方程所描述的曲线,对应的有效积温值起止点范围分别是1625.8～3011.98℃,668.896～1466.99℃,快速生长期内平均生长率分别是：0.1873g/(d·℃·株),0.0190g/(d·℃·株)。茎叶干物质随有效积温而变化的过程符合Cubic方程所描述的曲线,生育期内茎叶干物质积累量最大值出现在k=1615℃左右。由以上结论得出：渭源、岷县两地当归种植区可通过选择苗龄为100d、根直径0.3 cm<d<0.5 cm的反季种苗进行当归生产。同时注意在当归各器官生长转折点前后采取不同的田间管理措施,有助于当归的高产增效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the problem of low productivity, high early bolting rate in angelica sinensis’ cultivation, lots of scientists carried out the researchs on environmental factors which influence the growth of angelica sinensis.the present test was carried out in angelica sinensis’seeding in greenhouse,reseasch the effect of seeding in greenhouse and angelica sinensis’early bolting rate by altitude, effective accumulated temperature, in order to provide reference for improve yield and decreased early bolting rate, established producing areas. The main results were drawn as followings:1.60% matrix formula for rural land,20% manure decomposition,20% slag sterile seedlings out in the Angelica plant height, leaf area, root length, root rough handling is superior others. greenhouse Daejeon transplanting seedlings, the field of early bolting rate was 0. Greenhouse seedling transplanting different processing, experimental results show that the seedling age 100 days to deal is the best.. The yield of dry matter is 1387.88 kg/hm2.film culture than in open field cultivation has obvious advantages of high-yielding, The yield of dry matter is 1973.20 kg/hm2. Greenhouse production of seedlings available for the commercial production of Angelica.2. Quality of seedlings of Angelica to its survival rate are not great, this has some effects in yield.The general trend in effect of seeding for economic yield is:big seedlings>middle seedlings>small seedling. middle seedlings(0.3 cm<d<0.5 cm) not only obvious superiority on growth,but also the lateral root are less.So, selection middle seedlings is the one of effective measures for angelica sinensis. high-yield and efficient in transplanting of seedling of greenhouse.3.When altitude is lower than that 2640m, it has little effect yield. Yield decreased significantly above 2640m. plant height,leaf number,root length all manifestations very significant negative correlation.In this conditions, the agronomic characters is best on 1970m～2640m, it is the the optimum growth region for angelica sinensis. The light and temperature over 2640m go against improve yield, is not to suitable plant.4 After seedling emergence,dry matter in root and whole plant raised with the increase of effective accumulated temperature, and the process accord with the curve described by Logistic equations. The ranges of the corresponding effective accumulation temperature were 1625.8℃～3011.98℃and 668.896℃～1466.99℃. The average growth rate were 0.1873/(d·℃ ·plant) and 0.0190/(d·℃·plant) respectively in the fast-growth period of Angelic. The process, that dry matter in stem and leaf changed with the effective accumulated temperature, met the curve that described by Logistic equations. The maximum amount of dry matter accumulation in stem and leaf appeared when k was 1615℃The conclusion is that:Production areas in Weiyuan and Minxian can product angelica sinensis by selecting the seedling from greenhuose that seedling age is 100d and root diameter is 0.3 cm<d<0.5 cm.更多还原