【作者】 任群；

【导师】 阮文彪；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 农村基本经营制度是农村经济制度的基础和核心。这一制度安排的成功与否,不仅关系到农村土地能否得到充分合理利用,而且关系到农村经济的全面发展,对整个社会经济的发展都具有举足轻重的作用。迄今为止,在对农村基本经营制度的认识上,中外学者仁者见仁,各持己见。国内外大多数学者认为,我国农村基本经营制度就是指以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。农业发展必须长期坚持这一基本经营制度。同时认为,目前这一基本经营制度存在一些不完善之处,应对现存制度进行创新,而广大研究者也针对现存制度的问题进行了积极探讨,从土地产权制度、农业经营组织制度、收入分配制度等多方面提出了不少有创意的政策建议。不过,有少数学者对以土地家庭承包经营为基础的统分结合的双层经营体制持怀疑态度,认为农村土地集体所有制并不是最好的选择,建议实行土地国有永佃或国有永租,还有的提出要实行土地私有化等。综观国内外研究文献,在我国农村基本经营制度研究方面尚存在一些不足,一是未能从经济学角度上对农村基本经营制度的含义作出科学的解释,对于什么是农村基本经营制度,其结构如何,迄今很少有人做过深入系统研究,在这方面的相关研究只有关于农业家庭经营制度及其结构的理论探讨；二是将农村基本经营制度和农村家庭承包责任制划等号。但二者内涵是不是完全一致,还是前者有更丰富的内容,这方面的探讨几乎是空白。为此,本文汲取新制度经济学、发展经济学的理论精髓,在对农村基本经营制度的内涵作出科学阐释的基础上,运用比较分析方法、定性与定量分析相结合的方法,对现行的农村基本经营制度运行状况及其现存问题进行分析评价,提出制度进一步优化的内在要求。本文的研究内容由以下几个部分组成：(1)绪论部分。该部分主要内容包括农村基本经营制度国内外研究概述,研究意义、研究思路与方法及创新点。(2)理论与历史。通过对制度及制度变迁理论的回顾,科学界定研究对象的概念内涵,分析对比建国以来我国农村基本经营制度变迁的历史特点,目的在于正确认识当代中国农村经济发展过程中经济现象与问题,为稳定和完善农村基本经营制度奠定理论基础和提供历史经验。(3)现实与问题。本部分主要对农村基本经营制度的运行状况进行分析评价,客观分析农村经济发展对农村基本经营制度的内在要求,目的在于为稳定和完善农村基本经营制度提供认识前提和实践依据。(4)对策与实施策略。提出稳定和完善农村基本经营制度的指导思想、目标、中心内容,并对稳定什么、完善什么以及如何完善提出建议和实施策略。通过对以上问题的研究,本文得出以下结论：(1)农村基本经营制度与家庭承包责任制在内涵和外延上是有区别的。(2)稳定和完善农村基本经营制度必须坚持以家庭经营为基础,坚持土地承包关系基本不变,坚持“效率优先,兼顾公平”的原则,逐步实现二者的动态平衡。(3)在稳定现有的土地承包关系基础上,优化农村基本经营制度结构,是农村经济发展的必然要求。(4)稳定和完善农村基本经营制度要求调整制度创新策略,促进制度供需均衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural fundamental economic institutions (RFEI) is the basis and the core.of the rural economic institutions.The success or failure of the institutions has a decisive influence on the rational utilization of rural land, the comprehensive development of the rural economy and the development of entire social economy.As for the China’s current RFEI, both Chinese and foreign scholars have different ideas.Most scholars believe that China’s RFEI refers to thedouble layer management connecting unified management with peasant household management, which base on the family responsibility system. The development of agriculture must adhere to this basic operating system on the long term. At the same time, they believe that the RFEI have some imperfections, which need to innovate. Many researches have been done on the existing system. A number of innovative proposals from the respects of the land property institutions, the organization institutions and the income distribution institutions have been put forward. However, a small number of scholars are suspicious about the double layer management system, holding that the collective ownership systems of rural land is not the best choice while the permanent tenant-owned land or the permanent state-owned rent or the privatization of land may be reasonable.Through the review of research papers concerning China’s RFEI at home and abroad, there exists some.imperfections.Firstly, there is a lack of scientific explanation about the defination of RFEI from the view of economics.Very few people have researched deeply on what RFEI is and what its structure is.Relevant research in this has only referred to family farming system and its structure. Secondly, some researchers think the RFEI means the same as the peasant family responsibility system. As for whether they are different on connotation or the former should have richer content than the latter, there is a series lack of researches.Therefore, by access to the theory of new institutional economics, development economics; using comparative analysis method, we combined qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, analyzed the current operating status and its existing problems of RFEI, then put forward an inherent requirement of institutions improvement.This dissertation includes four parts:Part 1 is introduction. It Includes present situation of RFEI at home and abroad, research significance, research ideas and methods, innovation points. Part 2 is theory and history. Through a review of the theory and institutional changes, this paper academically explicates the concept of RFEI as an object of study, compares characteristics of RFEI since the establishment of China, in order to understand correctly the phenomena and problems of China’s rural economic development, and lay a theoretical foundation and supply historical experiences for stabilizing and improving of RFEI.Part 4 is reality and problems.This section mainly analyzes and evaluates the existing RFOI and sets up the inherent requirements of institutions.The aim is to provide the prerequisite and practical foundation for RFEIPart 4 is countermeasures and strategies. In this part, the guiding ideas, the objectives, the core contents about stabilizing and improving of RFEI are put forward, inorder offer some advice and implementation strategys on what is stable and perfect RFEI and how to perfect RFEI.Through the above analysis, it could conclude:(1)The meanings of the RFEI and peasant family responsibility system are different.(2) Stabilization and improvement of institutionhe should still base on the family farming and the existing land contract relations, stick to the principle" efficiency is first and the fairness at the same time,"in order realize dynamic balance between efficiency and fairness grudully.(3)The development of rural economy in China needs that the structure of RFEI.is to be improved based on existing land contract relations.(4) The innovation strategies of RFEI must be adjusted in orde to enhance the balance between the supplies and needs in institution market.更多还原