【作者】 周莹；

【导师】 金晓玲；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 佛手(citrus medica L.var. sarcodactylis(Noot) Swingle)为芸香科柑桔属香椽的变种。因其果实畸形呈掌状裂,形似佛的手而得名。佛手为名贵的观果、观叶植物,且果可以入药,为常用中药材。金华佛手是中国的传统乡土观赏植物,是佛手中最具观赏性的品种。因此,将金华佛手成功地引种到长沙地区栽培,对于增加长沙地区观赏植物种类,丰富长沙地区的植物景观类型具有较为重要的意义。本研究选择了在金华地区表现良好的四个佛手品种：“青衣1”、“青衣2”、“小种”佛手、无刺“小种”,于2006年11月20号进行引种栽培,经过3年的栽培管理和繁殖技术的研究,主要得到如下结论：。1.佛手的适应性4个佛手品种的适应性由强到弱依次为：“小种”佛手>“青衣2”>无刺“小种”>“青衣1”,因此最适合长沙地区栽培的佛手品种为“小种”佛手。2.佛手的栽培管理(1)整形修剪与疏花疏果：整形主要采用删剪法和抹芽法两种方法进行修剪。疏花疏果：疏掉不饱满的单性花,留存饱满的两性花。对于普通种的佛手,每个枝上留1个花苞即可,1棵佛手大概留4～5个花苞。有刺小种佛手留1～2个花苞,无刺小种佛手的枝上留2～3个花苞。(2)肥水管理：浇水注意盆土的干湿程度,干旱的季节多浇水,雨季少浇且不浇,要看盆浇并挑浇；施肥要薄肥勤施,注意肥料与硼、镁等微量元素的搭配,不能使用含氯的肥料,以挪威海德鲁公司生产的硫酸钾型复合肥最好。(3)病虫害：佛手主要的病害为炭疽病和溃疡病,采用使百克和高替混合,并与多菌灵交替使用进行防治。虫害主要有：红蜘蛛、潜叶蛾和柑橘凤蝶幼虫。红蜘蛛采用灭虫冠和敌死可2号进行防治；潜叶蛾采用阿维菌素进行防治；柑橘凤蝶幼虫采用乐果乳油进行防治。(4)土壤的选择：以红壤为主。盆土的组成成分最底一层为瓦片,然后铺一层细石,再铺一层细沙,最后再加土,土的主要成分配比为70%的红心土+20%泥炭土+10%细沙。(5)光照和温度：4月上旬平均温度高于15℃时佛手出棚；7-8月温度高于30℃时佛手搭荫棚；11月中下旬月平均温度低于5℃时佛手进温棚越冬。3.佛手的繁殖技术(1)佛手扦插繁殖基质以复合基质较好,单一基质相对较低。复合基质沙：土=2：1的生根率达98.9%,珍珠岩：泥炭=1：1和土：珍珠岩=2：1处理的插条生根率也分别达到了96.7%和93.3%；而单一基质的土、珍珠岩和蛭石处理的插条的生根率分别为86.3%、91.3%和85.5%。(2)激素对扦插生根率有显著影响。使用激素IBA后佛手的生根率可以从79.5%提高到98.7%,IBA的浓度以1000 mg·L-1为好,生根率为98.7%,说明IBA对佛手的生根有明显的促进作用；使用NAA进行插条试验时,1000 mg·-1为好,生根率为94.1%。(3)春季佛手扦插苗的生根率、发根数和根长都比秋季好,因此春季5月份为佛手适宜的扦插时间。(4)佛手的嫁接繁殖技术选用枳作为嫁接砧木,进行不同品种间的嫁接研究。不同品种佛手的嫁接成活率有所不同,“小种”佛手的嫁接成活率高于“青衣2”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Citrus medica L. var.sarcodactylis Swingle (finger citron)is a variation of Citrus medica L. which belongs to Citrus of Rutaceae.Beause of the deformed fruit like the shape of palm crack and named bergamot. Bergamot is a plant with ornamental value of the fruits and foliage, the fruit of the bergamot is used as medicine and it is common in Chinese herbal medicines. Jinhua bergamot is the native Chinese traditional ornamental plant, it is the most ornamental value one in the bergamot. For its successfully introduced and cultivated in Changsha, it has important significance for increase the ornamental plant species and enrich the landscape types of Changsha.The study chose four species of bergamot:"QingYi 1", " QingYi 2", "XiaoZhong" bergamot, the "XiaoZhong" bergamot without thorns that grow well in Jinhua for introduced and cultivated, after three years of cultivation management and breeding technology, the main conclutions are as follows:1. The order of the four bergamot varieties from strong to weak is"XiaoZhong" bergamot> "QingYi 2"> "XiaoZhong" bergamot without thorns> "QingYi 1" therefore the most suitable for cultivation in Changsha is "XiaoZhong" bergamot.2. The Cultivation and management of bergamot.(1) Pruning and remove the bud:using two methods that cut the branch and bud picking. remove the unisexual bud, leave the bisexual bud. For general types of bergamot, a branch can remain a bud, a bergamot probably stay 4 to 5 bud. "XiaoZhong" bergamot the branches to stay 1 to 2 bud, "XiaoZhong" bergamot without thorns the branches to stay 2 to 3 bud.(2) Fertilizer management:Attention the soil is wet or dry when watering the plant, it need more watering in the hot season, and less watering or not in the rainy season. It should always fertilize with less fertilizer without chlorine and trace element like B and Mg. The best fertilize is the compound with potassium that from Norsk Hydro company.(3) Diseases and pests:the main diseases of bergamot are anthrax and canker, the prevention measures by using three kinds of pesticides which named prochloraz, cabendazim and "gaoti". The main pests of bergamot are red spider,citrus leaf-miner and larvae of citrus swallowtails. The method for prevent the red spider by using "mie chong guan"and "di si ke 2",for citrus leaf-miner by using avermectins, for larvae of citrus swallowtails by using dimethoate EC.(4) The choice of soil:the choice of soil mainly in red, the composition of soil is the bottom layer is tiles, and then a layer of small stones, a layer of stone,finally,together with the soil,the composition of soil is 70% red soil+20%peat+10%sand.(5) Light and temperature:in early April, bergamot should be moved from the greenhouse when the temperature is higher than 15℃;in the July to August, it should be built shadehouse when the temperature is higher than 30℃;in late November, bergamot should be moved into the greenhouse when the temperature is below than 5℃.The propagation of bergamot:(1) In the Different matrix cutting experiment,The highest composite matrix (sand:soil=2:1),and rooting rate is 98.9%.The rooting rate of the cuttings with perlite:peat=1:1and soil:perlite=2:1 is 96.7%和93.3%,The rate of the single matrix is 86.3%,91.3% and 85.5%.(2) In the different concentrations of the different hormone treatment cutting:The rooting rate of cuttings from 79.5% to 98.7% after using the IBA, the best concentration of the hormone is 1000 mg·L-1, the rooting rate is 98.7%,so IBA has the obvious role in promoting the bergamot root. when use NAA to do the cutting experiment, the 1000 mg·L-one is good,the rooting rate is 94.1%.(3) The rooting rate, root number and root length are better in spring than in autumn. So spring is the best cutting time for the bergamot.(4) In the grafting experiment:pick the aurantii for rootstock to begin with the study that between different species of bergamot. Different species have different survival rate of grafting, the grafting survival rate of "xiaozhong" bergamot is higher than "QingYi 2".更多还原