【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 赵鲁平；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 自从韩礼德突破传统语法对及物性的定义,从语义的层面上解释及物性的概念以来,国内外学者对及物性的理论及其应用越来越关注。本文主要运用韩礼德系统功能语言学系统中的及物性理论来分析美国总统罗斯福和奥巴马的就职演说。通过对及物性系统中过程和参与者分布状况的研究试图对两位经济危机中就职的美国总统的就职演说进行分析,以期从中发现相似点和不同点。通过对及物性系统中物质过程、心理过程、关系过程、言语过程、行为过程和存在过程的过程本身及参与者的定量分析进行数据统计并试图通过所得数据发现两篇就职演说在及物性的这两个因素上的异同。具体来说是要研究两个问题,即第一,在两篇演说中,过程和参与者的分布有何异同,有无规律可循；第二,在两篇演说中过程和参与者呈现此种分布状况的原因是什么,以及此种分布状况对于演说者意图的表达有什么作用。文章主体分为四章：文章开始为引言部分,主要叙述了本文研究的重要性及其目的。第一章为文献综述部分,叙述了国内外对及物性研究的现状以及对总统就职演说的研究状况。第二章是本文对理论基础进行的研究,也就是对韩理德的系统功能语言学的阐释。韩理德系统功能语言学中提出语言有三大功能：意念功能,人际功能和篇章功能。本章对系统功能语言学里的意念功能、人际功能和语篇功能进行适当的概说并主要对本文分析用到的意念功能里的及物性系统进行了详细阐释,对及物性系统里包含的六个过程的构成和各自的特征进行了说明。第三章讨论了本文进行及物性分析的方法。包括对所分析的就职演说的简要介绍、语篇选择的原因、研究方法以及对结果的描述。本文采取定量分析与定性分析相结合的方式,先对所研究的两篇就职演说中的各个过程及主要参与者进行数据统计,计算各个过程和主要参与者分别所占的百分比,从而得出各个过程和主要参与者在两篇就职演说中的分布情况以便在此基础上对统计所得数据进行定性分析,发现相似点和不同点,并对相似点和不同点进行分析,探寻其原因,并试图探究此种分布状况对演说者意图的表达有什么作用。第四章是对材料的分析和讨论部分,也是本文的重点篇章。包括对各个过程分布总体状况的分析、各个过程在两篇演说中所重点描述对象的相同和不同之处的分析以及对主要参与者的分布状况的分析。通过分析发现,各个过程在两篇演说中的分布状况大体是一致的,这说明在大方向上,罗斯福和奥巴马的意图是一致的,都是在危机背景下重振美国经济。但是具体到某个过程所描述的事件和事物上,两篇演说稍有不同,比如,在奥巴马的演说中存在大量的物质过程用来描述前人,而在罗斯福的演说中却没有。这些不同主要源于两人所处的历史背景不同以及两人在所需要表的特殊意图方面不同。文中会详细加以分析。另外,在主要的参与者的分布上,两篇演说也是大体相同的,所呈现的不同的部分都能联系实际给予合理的解释。在本章的最后,作者对研究所产生的启示进行了阐述。在最后的结论部分作者对整篇论文的研究成果进行归纳,并提出存在的不足以及改进办法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ever since Halliday has broken the traditional concept of transitivity and explained the transitivity on the semantic level, the transitivity theory and its application have attracted the attention of more and more linguistic scholars both abroad and in China. This paper employs the transitivity theory in Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Linguistics to analyze the inaugural addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Barack Obama. Through the analysis of the distributions of the different processes and main participants, this paper tries to analyze the inaugural addresses of the two presidents who have taken office during the period of economic crises and find both the similarities and differences in these two aspects. The paper will give a quantitative analysis of the six processes in the transitivity system:material process, relational process, mental process, verbal process, behavioral process and existential process as well as the quantitative analysis of the main participants of the six processes.Through the quantitative analysis, the paper tries to find the similarities and the differences in these two factors. Specifically, this paper tries to find the answers for the next two questions: First, what are the distributions of six processes and main participants; are there any similarities and differences or some rules in the distribution? Second, what are the reasons of such distributions, and what are the functions of the distributions of different processes and main participants in helping the presidents to convey their intentions? The main part of the paper is divided into four chapters:The introduction part shows the importance as well as the aim of the research.In the first chapter, the research on transitivity system including both the theory and the application, and the research on inaugural addresses will be summarized.The second chapter talks about the theoretical background on which this paper based—Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Linguistics. According to Halliday, the discourses have mainly three functions:the ideational function, the interpersonal function and the textural function. This paper will give a brief introduction of the three main functions and will focus on the transitivity system in the ideational function. The construction, features and meaning of each process will be made clear.The third chapter discusses the research methodology, including a brief introduction of the inaugural addresses that have been chosen, the reasons of choosing the discourses, the methods of the research and the description of the research results. The research methods used in the paper are both quantitative method and qualitative method. Firstly, the numbers of all processes and main participants will be counted in the two inaugural addresses. Secondly, the proportions will be calculated, so that the distribution of each process and each main participant will be got. Then the author does a qualitative study on the similarities and differences of the distributions and tries to seek the reasons. Moreover, the author tries to make clear the functions of such distributions.The fourth chapter is the most important part of the paper, which focuses on the analysis and discussion of the data and statistics. In this chapter, the general distributions of the six processes, the similarities and differences of the objects that are mainly described by each process as well as the distribution of each main participant will be analyzed.Through the analysis, the author finds that the general distributions of different processes are similar in both inaugural addresses, which indicates that in a period of the economic crisis, the main intentions of both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Barack Obama are similar too, which is to renew the economy of America. There are some differences in the main objects described by each process. For example, in Barack Obama’s inaugural address, there are many material processes used to describe the ancestors of the Americans, but the phenomenon does not appear in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s inaugural address. These differences are mainly because of the different historical backgrounds and the special intentions of the two presidents. Besides, the distributions of the main participants in the two inaugural addresses are similar; the differences can be reasonably explained through connecting with the different backgrounds and the different intentions. In the last part of this chapter, some implications will be got.The conclusion part shows a summary of the main research findings and the limitations of the research as well as the suggestions for improvement.更多还原