【作者】 张燕；

【导师】 徐芳；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 粮食始终是经济发展、社会稳定和国家安全的基础,是关系全局的重大战略问题。新中国成立以来,我国始终把农业放在国民经济发展的首位,千方百计促进粮食生产,较好地解决了人民吃饭问题,也为世界粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。当前我国粮食安全形势总体良好,但必须清醒地看到,今后一段时期,一方面,随着人口增加和经济社会发展,粮食消费需求继续刚性增长；另一方面,资源环境对粮食生产的约束增强,加上种粮比较效益低,调动农民生产积极性难度加大,促进粮食生产稳步发展,保障粮食供求平衡的压力增大,我国粮食安全将面临着严峻挑战。为此,现阶段我国已将提高粮食综合生产能力作为保障国家粮食安全的根本和一项长期战略任务来抓。鉴于我国土地资源及目前利用形势十分严峻,土地与人口、环境及发展的矛盾异常突出,中央政府将“低产田改造为重点,改善农业生产条件”“十一五”期间国家农业综合开发要做好的重点工作。目标是发挥中低产田改造在改善中国农业基本生产条件、提高农业综合上产能力、增加农民收入及保障国家粮食安全等方面的重要作用。所以,对我国中低产田改造现状及对策的研究有着积极的重要意义。论文研究内容主要包括以下六部分：(1)对中低产田改造问题的相关背景和研究意义进行论述,同时对相关研究进展进行综述研究,提出本文的研究方向、研究方法和主要研究内容。(2)在借鉴发展已有研究成果基础上,阐述了公共产品、中低产田和粮食综合生产能力等概念和内涵：分析了中低产田改造这一命题的理论基础。(3)根据我国耕地资源变化情况分析和我国中低产田现状分析得出中低产田改造是提高我国粮食综合生产能力的现实途径。同时,通过理论研究和实证研究两个方面论证了改造中低产田与增加我国粮食产量的关系,进一步支持了中低产田改造是保障我国粮食安全的有力举措的观点。(4)从中低产田改造的公共产品特性和外部性入手,分析我国农业生产的现状和借鉴世界各国农业支持经验基础上得出中央和省级政府应该作为我国中低产田改造最大的投入主体。(5)第一部分,从我国中低产田改造技术的进步、新增和改善灌溉面积、改造中低产田总面积等方面分三个阶段总结了我国20年来中低产田改造取得的成效,着重强调了为新增我国粮食生产能力,实现农产品总量平衡、丰年有余的历史性转变,保证国家粮食安全作出了重大贡献。第二部分,指出了目前在我国中低产田改造工作中存在的难点和重点问题：农田水利基础设施条件差、中低产田改造投入和管理主体缺位、中低产田改造投入不足,资金缺口大等。(6)根据以上的研究结论提出了我国中低产田改造的政策建议。本文通过理论研究,实证分析,案例讨论的研究方法,得出以下四个基本结论：(1)截止2007年底,我国中低产田面积11.05亿亩,如果将其完全改造一遍,简单估算至少可增加粮食1439.82亿公斤。大大超出2009年国务院《全国新增1000亿斤粮食生产能力规划(2009-2020年)》提出1000亿斤的增产计划。因此,我国中低产田具有极大的增产潜力,改造中低产田,大幅度增加粮食产量,是保障我国粮食安全的有力途径。(2)现阶段我国中低产田投入明显不足,资金缺口大。据国家农业综合开发办资料显示：1988年至2007年,我国累计中低产田改造资金投入3193.41亿元。而经初步估算如果将现阶段我国中低产田按旱涝保收的标准改造一遍需要投入资金11050亿元。(3)权责利不明确,我国中低产田改造投入和管理主体缺位。这是由我国中央和地方财力与事权不尽相匹配的体制,以及激进引入市场机制解决资金问题等原因造成。(4)我国农民缺乏中低产田改造积极性,投工投劳参与中低产田改造建设的难度大。这一现象是由种粮比较效益低,农民收入不高,以及大量农村劳动力外流造成。根据研究结论提出建立有效的的政策建议。包括：加大对粮食主产区生产能力建设,加大中低产田改造政策和投入支持,各级政府要按照存量适度调整、增量重点倾斜的原则,不断加大财政支农力度；加强农业科技支撑中低产田改造,国家对农业科研的投入,加快推进农业科技成果转化,为中低产田改造提供有力的技术支持；完善粮食补贴政策、最低收购价政策,提高农民中低产田改造投入积极性等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Food has always been the foundation of economic development, social stability and national security and a major strategic issue related to the overall situation. China’s current food security situation is generally good, but it must be soberly aware that in the coming period, on the one hand, the demand of food consumption will continue to increase rigidly; on the other hand, the constraints of resource and environment on food production will increase, coupled with the relatively low benefits of growing grains which adds to the difficulty to mobilize peasants’enthusiasm in production, the pressure is mounting to promote the stable development of grain production and guarantee the balance between food supply and demand, the food security of our country will face serious challenges. Therefore, at the present stage, we have taken the expanding of comprehensive grain production capacity as the foundation to ensure food security of our country and a long-term strategic task. Therefore, the research on present situation and countermeasures of medium-and-low-yield farmlands transformation has positive and important significance.This thesis mainly consists of the following six sections:(1)After having discussed the relevant background and research significance of the transformation of medium-and-low-yield farmlands,And reviewed the present researches. (2) we illustrated the concepts and Connotations of some key words in relevant research fields, such as public goods, low-yielding farmland and Comprehensive grain production capacity. (3)Through theoretical research and empirical research we demonstrated the relation between the transformation of medium-and-low-yield farmlands and the increase in China’s grain production. (4) We had the conclusion that central and provincial governments should act as largest investment principal in the transformation of medium-and-low-yield farmlands in China.(5)We summarized the mainly achievements and m difficult problems in the transformation of China’s medium-and-low-yield farmlands in the past 20 years. Through research, this paper draw the following four basic conclusions:(1) If transformating All medium-and-low-yield farmlands in our country, the grain yield will be increased by 85.625kg. Therefor, the medium-and-low-yield farmlands in our country has great yield potential.(2)At the present stage, the invested fund for medium-and-low-yield farmlands is clearly inadequate. The fund demand is RMB 1105 billion if we reform them.(3)The rights and responsibilities are ambiguous, and short of the reforming fund input and subject of management. (4)The peasants in our country are not very interested in reforming the medium-and-low-yield farmlands, and the difficulty of injecting work and labor is very huge.According to the conclusions,we made the following recommendations: Increase investment and support in the medium-and-low-yield farmlands transformation policy, governments at all levels shall continuously increase the financial support for agriculture projects in accordance with principles of appropriate adjustment of the stock and main tilt of the increment; strengthen the agricultural science and technology to support the transformation of medium-and-low-yield farmlands, the state investment in agricultural research, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in agriculture, provide strong technical support for the transformation of medium-and-low-yield farmlands; improve food subsidy policies and minimum purchase price policy to increase farmers’enthusiasm in the transformation of medium-and-low-yield farmlands.更多还原