【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 张永根；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验选用4只绵羊和6只奶山羊,通过在精料补充料中添加不同水平的三聚氰胺和静脉单剂量灌注三聚氰胺,更深一层的了解三聚氰胺是否影响瘤胃发酵性能,同时了解在奶山羊体内的药代动力学情况,从而为国家进一步研究三聚氰胺在动物体内的代谢规律、误食三聚氰胺饲料后的弃奶时间以及制定饲料三聚氰胺限量标准提供参考。试验一、三聚氰胺对绵羊瘤胃发酵性能的影响及排泄途径分析选取4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管雄性东北细毛羊,体重35Kg左右。试验采用4x4拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中各添加500、750、1000mg/kg精料的三聚氰胺。试验分4期,每期7d预饲期,2d采样期,中间过渡期为7d。在采样期,收集粪、尿、血以及晨饲后0、2、4、6、8h的瘤胃液,测定粪、尿、血中三聚氰胺浓度以及瘤胃液的pH、NH3-N、VFA,结果表明:各处理组之间的pH、NH3-N、VFA均无显著差异(P>0.05),尿样、粪样和血样中的三聚氰胺浓度随着添加水平的提高而提高,其中尿样中的三聚氰胺浓度增加最为显著,这也证实了尿液是三聚氰胺排泄的主要途径,其次是通过粪便排出,还有极小一部分残留于血中。试验二、三聚氰胺在奶山羊体内的药代动力学及排泄比例分析选取6只体况良好、体重(35±2.65)kg、胎次和泌乳期相近健康杂种关中奶山羊。将单剂量(6.13mg/kg.bw)的三聚氰胺通过颈静脉插管快速注射,并于0(即注射前)、0.08、0.25、0.50、0.75、1、2、4、8、12、24h时从颈静脉导管处取血样3-5mL,分离血浆,测定血液中三聚氰胺浓度,利用3P97程序运行计算药代动力学参数,同时收集粪、尿、血、奶样。结果表明:单剂量静脉快速注射三聚氰胺后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,其主要药代动力学参数:表观分布容积Vd=0.03±0.005L/kg、消除半衰期t1/2=3.638±0.067h、药时曲线下面积=41.985±1.207μg/ml·h、体消除率=0.146±0.004L/(kg·h)。说明三聚氰胺在奶山羊体内分布有限,消除较快,且不会在其它组织器官中广泛分布。在奶山羊体内血液中,99%的三聚氰胺将在七个半衰期或者给药后25.4h内被完全清除。另外,通过测定尿样、粪样、血样和奶样中的三聚氰胺浓度,可以看出三聚氰胺的最主要排出途径是通过尿液排出体外,大约占到摄入量的88.52%,其次是通过粪便排出,为9.16%左右,而奶中的残留量还不到摄入量0.5%,剩余的大约1.89%残留于奶山羊体内。本试验测定了静脉注射后12、24、36、48h的奶中三聚氰胺浓度,结果发现36h时奶中三聚氰胺已降至检出限以下。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to kown whether the melamine affect the Rumen Fermentation and the pharmacokinetics process of melamine in dairy goat. In this study, first of all make a Rumen Fermentation and excretion ratio test with different levels of melamine in sheep, after make pharmacokinetics and excretion ratio in the dairy goat. Thereby, The result of the study is important for the further study of the state on melamine, which will provide the reference value for the development of melamine limited standards.Experiment 1: Effects of melamine on rumen fermentation and analysis of excretion ratioIn this Experiment, four healthy northeast sheeps were selected, which had no significant difference in body condition, the experimental design used 4×4 Latin square to evaluate the effect of the rumen performancefermentation which was treated by the melamine. The 4 treatment were fed respectively with basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 500,750 and 1000 mg/kg melamine. The trial lasted for 42d. The results showed that,with the amount of melamine added to test increasing,there was no significant difference in the value of pH,NH3-N,VFA between the treatment groups. Besides, we can see that urine is the main discharge channel of melamine by measuring the melamine value of manure,urine,blood.Experiment 2: pharmacokinetics In the dairy goat and Analysis of excretion ratioIn this Experiment, we selected six good body condition, body weight (35±2.65)kg, close milk yield of dairy goat, Then plasma samples were colleeted at 0.08,0.25,0.50,0.75,1,2,4,8,12,24h, extracted for melamine and analyzed. Six sheep were treated with a single dosage of melamine(6.13mg/kg) intravenously and rapidly, while the blood samples were collected from vein within 24 hours after giving drug. The concent rations of melamine in serum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The two-compartment open model described concent rations of melamine in serum disposition. The primary pharmacokinetics parameters of melamine were as follows: t1/2 was (3.64±0.02)h, AUC was (41.96±0.52)μg/mL·h, Vd was (0.03±0.01)L/kg, CLB was (0.14±0.01)L/(kg·h).The distribution of melamine in vivo was not broad, and the elimination of melamine in vivo was rapid.99% of the melamine would be eliminated completely during seven half-life or 25.4h in the blood of dairy goats. Besides, we could see that urine (about 88.52%)is the main discharge channel of melamine by measuring the melamine value of manure,urine,blood,milk. second is manure(about 9.16%), but the residues of milk is less than 0.5%, the remaining of melamine is in the body. The experiment still determinates the 12, 24, 36, 48 h melamine of milk after i.v., The results showed that the 36 h melamine of milk was lower than the limit of detection.更多还原