【作者】 闫敏；

【导师】 孔祥毅；

【作者基本信息】 山西财经大学 ， 金融学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 2003年以来,我国信用卡市场进入实质性发展阶段,极大地拉动了我国居民消费需求,有着积极的经济和社会意义。然而,我们在享受着信用卡给我们带来的极大便利与物质财富时,也在承担着种种风险的侵蚀。如何进行有效的管理,通过什么途径对已经出现的风险“亡羊补牢”以及对潜在的风险“未雨绸缪”,是我们需要思考的重点。本文简要分析了信用卡市场信用风险、欺诈风险、操作风险控制的现状。在信用风险的控制中,存在着许多不足:目前全国统一的个人信用信息平台尚未建立,极大地影响商业银行对客户信息掌握的全面性和真实性;在现有的信息基础上,各商业银行的信用评分体系还处于初级阶段,主观性强、方法不够科学、缺乏量化的统计模型作为评分的技术支撑;信用方面的立法基本处于空白状态,这也使信用卡市场整体运行缺乏有效地法律保障。笔者建议,首先应动员全社会,以各商业银行与中央银行为主体,联合银联、银监局、公安、工商等部门,加快建立全国统一的信用信息平台,解决最基本的信用数据缺乏问题;优化现有的信用评分指标,剔除对信用影响甚微的因素,引进一些动态指标;参照国际先进信用评分方法,开发适合我国国情的统计模型;应适当吸收一批高端的数理统计人才,高度重视评分模型的高科技性。欺诈风险的控制同样存在很多漏洞。实现EMV迁移是克服信用卡欺诈风险的关键措施,但是面对巨额的迁移成本和尚不完善的信用卡受理市场,迁移步伐一再受阻,给了不法分子许多可乘之机。此外,频繁发生利用自助终端以及POS机犯罪案例,揭露了信用卡受理市场存在的缺陷和种种不安全因素。为此,笔者建议:EMV迁移的巨额资金成本问题,可以通过推销集磁条卡和IC芯片为一体的IC复合卡来延长过渡期;寻找多方主体来共同承担,如借助政府的扶持、通过广告的手段引进企业投资等,减少商业银行单方面的压力;对现有的特约商户,严格管理,杜绝特约商户的非法牟利行为;强化对ATM自助设备的监管,加大力度打击非法分子的恶性套现行为;防范欺诈风险的最后落脚点落在广大持卡人身上,从自身的安全用卡意识做起,谨慎的对待每一次信用卡交易,不要给犯罪分子留下作案的机会。操作风险是商业银行可控性最强的风险。目前的信用卡市场经营方式粗放,有些商业银行对风险估计不足,不合理的扩大信用卡业务;员工在实际操作中,人为简化流程甚至违规操作,为日后的信用卡安全性留下隐患。笔者建议,首先要从信用卡的操作环节上突破,尤其是在发卡审核、授信、监控等行为上,要把政策有效落实,严格按照规章办事,改变现在的粗放经营局面;坚持“以人为本”管理理念,充分重视对员工的思想道德教育,从业务素质和工作责任感两方面来强化风险意识;最后,商业银行应强化现有的内部控制体系,全行要培养至上而下的操作风险管理文化,成立具有高度权威性和独立性的内控机构。信用卡行业不仅是我国的新兴行业,更是具有活力的朝阳产业。信用卡风险管理任重而道远,但我们有信心不断克服缺陷,日益完善风险管理,为信用卡的健康运行创造良好环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 2003, the development of credit card market in China become rapidly and substantial. Fast growth of the quantity of credit card , rapidly increase of credit card offers、improvement of the environment for accepting credit card, expand domestic demand greatly, which have a lot greconomic and Social. However, when we enjoy the convenience and material wealth it has provided, we have been taken risks which are contained in credit cards also. How to build effective management, how to offset the loss and prevent risks, is a serious consideration. The papers discuss briefly the Current Situation of the credit risk、oblique risk、operational Risk’s management. In the control of the credit risk, there is many imperfection: the reunion individual credit rating system of the whole country have not been set up, which sit heavily on the reality and accuracy of the information in commercial bank, On the base of the credit information, the credit scoring in banks is unscientific have been in primary stage , which is not technical and scientifique, which is short of the statistical model to support; in terms of credit legal ,we still in a state of emptiness, that make the credit card market is lack of legal safeguard. The writer suggest commercial bank and central bank of China can combine with the VISA、cbrc office and justice department to build the information platform all over the country, which can solve the deficiency of the information; optimize the quota we use now; import advanced grading technology, open up the statistic model that suits national conditions; the bank should attract talented people who master statistical knowledge and economic literacy ,gunning for a promotion in the scoring system.There is many in the control of fraud risk. Achieve EMV migration is the key to lower the fraud risk, but the massive cost and incomplete market are the obstacle to success, so make many chance for the wrong crowd. The behaviors which make use of the ATM and POS to cheat others become more and more, the author suggest that we can solve the enormous sum of money by prolong the transition period which make two cards in one combined; search for more principal part such as the government、enterprising man,which can relieve the banks stress; give strong monitoring to specially engaged commercial business, control the last process of credit card’s appliance, wage the battle against illegal transactions; strengthen the supervise to the ATM; at last, we should Inculcate the cardholder with a sense of security, careful about every conduct, leave no chance to the unlawful.Operational risk is the most controllability to commercial bank. At present, credit card market makes a extensive production and management, some banks neglect the risks and broaden business, adopting a "follower" strategy. The employees overlook the risk management consciousness, simplify the working process by themselves, even to infringe any rules, make lot’s of hidden danger to the credit card’s safety. The writer suggests that the operational risk management should make particular operation the breakthrough point. especially for auditing、credit extension、supervisory control, the banks must follow the instructions faithfully and transform the modes of business operation. The management should insist on people oriented, pay more attention to ideological, political and moral education about the employees. Strengthen professional competence and the sense of duty, give proper material award and spiritual drive, ensure the legal of the employees behaviors. At last, the banks have to consummate the internal control system, it’s not only in favor of the credit card’s risk management, but also to all business in banks, foster all-around culture of risk management, build a internal control organization full of authority and independence.The credit card industry in China is not only a new sunrise industry, but also a vigorous trade. There is before us a heavy responsibility and a long way to go to manage the risk, but we have confidence to overcome these difficulties, to improve it gradually, create a favorable environment for credit card industry.更多还原