【作者】 于强；

【导师】 许光耀；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 国际法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 掠夺性定价是一种滥用企业市场支配地位的行为,其显著的特点是商品价格低于成本,这种行为会破坏市场公平竞争环境并损害消费者的利益,因而成为竞争法关注的主要内容之一。一般来说,市场支配企业通过本身的财力和市场控制力把价格降低到成本以下,这样市场上所有的竞争者因为不能够把价格降低到同等水平,或者即使降低到同等水平也不能挤垮支配企业,只有退出市场。所以掠夺性定价的本质即以承担亏损的方式来排斥其他竞争者。在对掠夺性定价进行法学分析时,其核心的问题是如何评价企业的市场价格行为。掠夺性定价有以下要件：首先,实施掠夺性定价的企业必须具有市场支配地位。如果不具备支配地位也不会将其他竞争者排除出市场。因为一个企业如果不具备支配地位而提高价格,那么其他企业会增加产量来与其进行竞争。因此,这种行为一般只有支配企业才有可能做得到。所以一个企业从事掠夺性定价的前提之一就是具有市场支配地位；其次,企业商品的价格低于成本。企业把售价降低到成本以下,必然产生亏损,随着商家出售越来越多的产品,也意味着销售者的亏损在扩大。根据市场主体追逐利润的经济理性,其动机是很受怀疑的,唯一合理的解释就是以亏损换取更大的垄断利润；再次,对其他竞争者产生排斥作用。确定掠夺性定价行为主要依靠对企业生产成本的考察,由于不同类型的企业所涉及的成本类型不一样,所以要针对不同的情况适用不同的成本考查标准。因为竞争者与行业的不同,需要参考的成本标准也不一样。一般价格低于企业的平均可避免成本,即可判定构成掠夺性定价。价格高于平均可避免成本,如果被证明产生了排斥市场竞争的效果和具有掠夺性定价意图,那么也会构成掠夺性定价。由于某些产业的前期投入巨大,这就需要一个专门衡量类似产业成本的标准LAIC来考察其价格。更多还原

【Abstract】 Predatory pricing is a behaviour that abuse market dominant position, Its salient feature is price below cost predatory, such acts would undermine the market environment for fair competition and consumer interests, and thus become one of the main concern contents of competition law. In general, the incumbent rely on market dominance and financial power to lower its price below cost, because not all the competitors in the market can reduce the price to the same level, the competitor can not defeat the dominance company, the only way is to shut down their business. Therefore, the essence of predatory pricing is to exclude other competitors by creating loss.When assessing predatory pricing conduct, the core problem is to evaluate their price behavior. Predatory pricing bears the following elements:First, the company must have a dominant market position. If the incumbent do not have the dominant position would not rule out other competitors. As if it do not have a dominant position, then other companies will raise their production to compete with it. Therefore, the prerequisites for an enterprise to engaged in predatory pricing is to obtain a dominant market position; Secondly, price below cost. Enterprises fix their prices below cost, inevitably produces a loss, as more and more products were sold, the loss will increasing. according to market economy,everyone pursuits profits, therefore their motivation was doubted, the only reasonable explanation is to pursue monopoly profits; Third, exclusive effects on other competitors. The determination of predatory pricing behavior depends mainly upon the analysis of the production costs, since different types of enterprises bears different cost types, so different cost test must be apply to different situation. Because there are different competitors and the industry, the cost standard are not the same. Generally, price below the average avoidable cost would constitute predatory pricing. Price higher than the average avoidable cost, if exclusive effects of market competition and predatory intention was founded, it would constitute predatory pricing. Due to huge initial investment in certain industries, which requires a special measure test LAIC to examine the cost of the price standard of the industry.更多还原