【作者】 张海峰；

【导师】 钟嘉奎；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 “知己知彼”是对抗项目中安排针对性训练的前提,是比赛取得胜利的保证,而只有对我队主力队员参赛的主要技战术特点有比较细致和准确的把握,对主要对手的技术打法特点、赛场风格、习惯线路、技战术优劣势进行比较详细的了解,才能制定出有效的对付办法,真正做到“知己知彼”。本文就击球行为(击球战术)、击球技术、击球位置、击球落点四个方面,对参加2008奥运会乒乓球单打的前8名中外男子运动员进行动态的实力诊断和对比分析,希望对教练员和运动员有参考价值。本文采用上海体育学院运动训练研究基地研发的乒乓球数据采集系统进行数据采集,应用当今世界范围内比较先进的运动项目技战术诊断方法—数学物理模型法,即数学模拟法。这类方法是常规技术诊断方法的必要补充,尤其是对高水平运动员技术创新有较高的指导价值。以战术行为、击球位置、击球落点、击球技术为乒乓球技、战术观察指标,进行模拟诊断得出以下结论:1.优秀乒乓球男子运动员最重要的战术行为是“进攻一防守”、“相持一防守”、“防守一进攻”和“相持一相持”。其中,提高“进攻一防守”、“相持一防守”的转移概率,对中国优秀运动员获胜概率的影响度要大于外国运动员,但提高“防守一进攻”和“相持一相持”概率的转移概率,对外国运动员获胜概率的影响更大。2.优秀乒乓球男子运动员最重要的击球技术是“弧圈球一弧圈球”,提高“弧圈球一弧圈球”的转移概率,对外国男子优秀运动员比赛获胜概率的意义大于中国运动员。3.优秀乒乓球男子运动员最重要的击球位置是“反手位一反手位”、“正手位一反手位”、“正手位一正手位”、“反手位一正手位”,其中提高“反手位一反手位”、“反手位一正手位”的转移概率,对中国男子优秀运动员获胜概率的影响更大,而提高“正手位一正手位”、“正手位一反手位”的转移概率,对外国男子优秀运动员比赛获胜概率的意义大于中国运动员。4.优秀乒乓球男子运动员最重要的击球落点是“反长一反长”、“反长一中长”、“正长一正长”。其中提高“反长一反长”、“反长一中长”、的转移概率,对中国男子优秀运动员获胜概率的影响更大,而提高“正长一正长”的转移概率对外国男子优秀运动员比赛获胜概率的影响更大一点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The strategy that“Not only knowing about ourselves but knowing about opponents”is the premise of arranging targeted training and is to ensure the success of competition. No effective ways can be developed to deal with our opponents until coaches and athletes have more refined and accurate grasp of the main technical and tactical characteristics of our main players and knowing more about technical characteristics, competitive style, customary lines, technical and tactical advantages and disadvantages of opponents. This paper makes dynamic diagnosis and comparative analysis of Chinese and foreign athletes in the four aspect,including tactics, hitting techniques, hitting positions and hitting placements,hoping to provide some valuable reference for coaches and athletes.Table tennis data acquisition system in Shanghai sports university Institute of training and research is used for data collection, and sports technical and tactical diagnostic methods applied are more advanced in the modern world一mathematical physics model,namely, the mathematical model method, which is a necessary complement to conventional diagnostic methods, particularly,has a higher Value guidance for high-level athletes technological innovation. This paper makes the following conclusions through diagnosis:I For excellent male table tennis athletes,the most important tactics are "offense-defense”,“stalemate-defense","defense- offense" and”stalemate-stalemate".If improving transition rate of "offense-defense" and“stalemate-defense",Chinese elites have greater impact on winning rate than foreign athletes, and promoting transition rate of "defense-offense" and,’stalemate- stalemate”is more beneficial to foreign elites.II For excellent male table Tennis players, the most important technology is the "loop - loop". With the transition rate of "loop-loop"improved, the probability for foreign elite athletes to win compeiition will be greater than Chinese athletes.III The most important hitting positions of male Table Tennis elites are"backhand bit-backhand bit", "hand bit-backhand bit", " hand bit-hand bit" "backhand bit- hand bit" .With improving transition rate of "backhand bit一backhand bit" ,"backhand- bit- hand bit" ,the best Chinese athletes will have a greater rate to win the games, and promoting the transition rate of" hand bit - hand bit"," hand bit - backhand bit" of foreign competition puts better influence on foreign elites winning games.IV For male Table Tennis elites,the most important hitting placements are the " long ball backhand bit- long ball backhand bit" , " long ball backhand bit- medium ball hand bit" and" long ball hand bit- long ball hand bit" with improving the transition rate of" long ball backhand bit- long ball backhand bit"," long ball backhand bit- medium ball handbit" ,the best athletes on the Chinese man will have greater probabilityto win a game,and promoting transferring rate of“long ball hand bit-long ball hand bit“of foreign elites athletes will be more probablyto win games for foreign elites.更多还原