【作者】 杜娟；

【导师】 毛伟宾；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在错误记忆的研究领域中,研究者们发现个体差异对错误记忆效应存在不同程度的影响。近年来,研究者们开始更多的关注情绪和个体差异对错误记忆的影响的研究。就目前研究现状而言,关于个体差异对错误记忆的影响多集中于年龄、性别、人格特质、压力等方面。前人研究表明,不同神经质特质个体在错误记忆效应上存在差异,高神经质个体在记忆过程中,对具有负性情绪色彩的信息表现出更大的偏好;而低神经质个体则对那些具有积极情绪色彩的信息表现出更多的偏好。在错误记忆的研究过程中,研究者们发现情绪对个体错误记忆存在一定的影响。因此,本研究的目的旨在探讨不同神经质特质个体在不同情绪状态和情绪调节方式下,其基于单词的错误记忆效应上是否存在差异。本研究共包含三个实验:实验一考察了不同神经质特质个体在基于单词的错误记忆方面的差异,采用2×3两因素混合设计,自变量为神经质特质(高神经质、低神经质)、情绪词汇(积极情绪词汇、消极情绪词汇、中性情绪词汇),其中神经质特质为组间变量,情绪词汇为组内变量。实验二考察了高神经质、低神经质个体在不同情绪状态下错误记忆的差异。采用2×2×3三因素混合设计,自变量为神经质特质(高神经质、低神经质)、诱发情绪状态(正性情绪状态、负性情绪状态)、情绪词汇(积极情绪词汇、消极情绪词汇、中性情绪词汇)。其中神经质特质为组间变量,诱发情绪状态也为组间变量,情绪词汇为组内变量。实验三考察了负性情绪状态下,高神经质、低神经质个体在不同情绪调节方式下错误记忆的差异。采用2×2×3三因素混合设计,自变量为神经质特质(高神经质、低神经质)、情绪调节方式(表情宣泄、表情抑制)、情绪词汇(积极情绪词汇、消极情绪词汇、中性情绪词汇),其中神经质特质为组间变量,情绪调节方式也为组间变量,情绪词汇为组内变量。结果表明:(1)自然状态下,神经质特质对错误记忆存在影响。高神经质被试对消极情绪信息更敏感,低神经质被试对积极情绪信息更敏感。(2)不同诱发情绪状态下的个体在错误记忆效应上存在差异。无论是高神经质个体,还是低神经质个体,较消极情绪状态而言,在积极情绪状态下,都会产生更多的错误记忆。不同的是,高神经质个体对消极情绪信息更敏感,而低神经质个体则对积极情绪信息更敏感。(3)不同情绪调节方式下个体在错误记忆效应上存在差异。表情宣泄组的被试在积极情绪词汇上表现出更多的错误记忆,而表情抑制组的被试则在消极情绪词汇上表现出了更多的错误记忆。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the area of false memory research, The researchers found that individual differences in false memory effects of different degrees. In recent years, researchers are beginning to pay more attention to individual differences in emotion and memory on the impact of the error. The researches on the current cases, individual differences on the impact of the false memory has focused on age, gender, personality, stress and so on. Previous studies showed that, neurotic traits of different individuals exist in the false memory effect differences, high neurotic individuals in the memory during the course of a negative emotional valence of information to show greater preference, and low neuroticism individuals are kept for those with positive emotional information to show more color preferences. In the course of the study of false memories, the researchers found that there is a certain emotional impact on false memory effect. As a result, the purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of different individuals in different nervous mood and emotion regulation, the false memory effect based on word whether there are differences.This study includes three experiments: Experiment 1 investigated the neurotic traits of different individuals in the error memory of word-based differences, which adopted 2 (neurotic traits: high neuroticism, low neuroticism)×3 (emotional vocabulary: active vocabulary, passive vocabulary, neutral vocabulary) mixed factorial design. Neurotic traits was between-subject variable and other’s pressure was within-subject variable. Experiment 2 studied differences between high neuroticism and low neuroticism individuals under the different emotional states, which adopted 2(neurotic traits: high neuroticism, low neuroticism)×2 (emotional states: positive emotional state, negative emotional state)×3 (emotional vocabulary: active vocabulary, passive vocabulary, neutral vocabulary) mixed factorial design. Neurotic traits and emotional states were between-subject variables. Experiment 3 studied differences between high neuroticism and low neuroticism individuals under the different emotional regulation, which adopted 2(neurotic traits: high neuroticism, low neuroticism)×2 (emotional regulation: vent of expression, Inhibition of expression)×3 (emotional vocabulary: active vocabulary, passive vocabulary, neutral vocabulary) mixed factorial design. Neurotic traits and emotional regulation were between-subject variables.The result indicated: (1) In the natural state, Neurotic traits had a positive effect to the false memory. High-neuroticism subjects are more sensitive to negative emotional information, and low neurotic are more sensitive information on the positive emotions. (2) In different emotional states, there’re differences in the false memory. Whether high or low neuroticism individuals, Relative to the negative emotional state, in a positive emotional state, individuals will produce more false memory. The difference is that high neuroticism individuals are more sensitive to negative emotional information, while the low-neuroticism individuals are more sensitive to positive emotional information. (3) Emotional regulation in different ways, there’re differences in the false memory. Vent expression group was tested in a positive emotional vocabulary to show more false memory, and inhibition of expression groups were tested in the negative emotional vocabulary to show more false memory.更多还原